Abstract
The removal of timber during harvesting substantially reduces important invertebrate habitat, most noticeably microhabitats associated with fallen trees. Oribatid mite diversity in downed woody material (DWM) using species-level data has not been well studied. We investigated the influence of decaying logs on the spatial distribution of oribatid mites on the forest floor at the sylviculture et aménagement forestiers écosystémique (SAFE) research station in the Abitibi region in NW Québec. In June 2006, six aspen logs were selected for study, and samples were taken at three distances for each log: directly on top of the log (ON), directly beside the log (ADJ) and at least one metre away from the log and any other fallen wood (AWAY). Samples ON logs consisted of a litter layer sample, an upper wood sample and an inner wood sample. Samples at the ADJ and AWAY distances consisted of litter samples and soil cores. The highest species richness was collected ON logs, and logs harboured a distinct oribatid species composition compared to nearby forest floor. There were species-specific changes in abundance with increasing distance away from DWM, which indicates an influence of DWM in structuring oribatid assemblages on the forest floor. Additionally, each layer (litter, wood and soil) exhibited a unique species composition and hosted a different diversity of oribatid mites. This study further highlights the importance of DWM to forest biodiversity by creating habitat for unique assemblages of oribatid mites.
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Abbreviations
- CWD:
-
Coarse woody debris
- DWM:
-
Downed woody material
- SAFE:
-
Sylviculture et aménagement forestiers écosystémique
- ON:
-
Directly on top of a log
- ADJ:
-
Directly beside a log
- AWAY:
-
At least one metre away from a log and any other fallen wood
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Acknowledgements
We thank Jean-François Aublet, Véronique Lafrance-Rivard and Josée Frenette for assistance in the field and Suzanne Brais for her assistance. Financial support was provided by Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies, Centre d’étude de la forêt (CEF), FQRNT, Regroupement stratégiques—Centre de recherché and National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC discovery grant to CMB and NSERC PGS-M to ADD).
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Appendix
Appendix
Oribatid mite species collected from six decayed logs in four vertical layers (Litter, Upper wood, Inner wood and Soil) and three horizontal distances (ON, ADJ and AWAY)
Spcode | Family | Genus | Species | Authority | Litter ON | Litter ADJ | Litter AWAY | Upper ON | Inner ON | Soil ADJ | Soil AWAY | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Achiclar | Achipteriidae | Achipteria | clarencei | Nevin 1977 | 342* | 16 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 367 |
Achisp1 | Achipteriidae | Achipteria | sp1 | 56* | 3 | 2 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 80 | |
Adornr.p | Astegistidae | Adoristes | nr. poppei | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Adorsp1 | Liacaridae | Adoristes | sp1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Adorsp3 | Liacaridae | Adoristes | sp3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
Archluri | Phthiracaridae | Archiphthiracarus | luridus | (Ewing 1909) | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
Archsp2 | Phthiracaridae | Archiphthiracarus | sp2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |
Atrostri | Phthiracaridae | Atropacarus | striculus | (Koch 1835) | 5 | 28 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 173 |
Autolong | Autognetidae | Autogneta | longilamellata | (Michael 1885) | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Banklanc | Thyrisomidae | Banksinoma | l. canadensis | Fujikawa 1979 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 15 |
Belbsp1 | Damaeidae | Belba | sp1 | 37* | 0 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 58 | |
Caragran | Carabodidae | Carabodes | granulatus | Banks 1895 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Caralaby | Carabodidae | Carabodes | labyrinthicus | (Michael 1879) | 111* | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112 |
Carapoly | Carabodidae | Carabodes | polyporetes | Reeves 1991 | 26 | 21 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 |
Cephcora | Cepheidae | Cepheus | corae | Jacot 1928 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Cerabipi | Peloppiidae | Ceratoppia | bipilis | (Hermann 1804) | 58 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78 |
Ceracusp | Ceratozetidae | Ceratozetes | cuspidatus | Jacot 1939 | 0 | 23 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 55 | 28 | 120 |
Ceragrac | Ceratozetidae | Ceratozetes | gracilis | (Michael 1884) | 1 | 28 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 3 | 68 |
Chamcusp | Chamobatidae | Chamobates | cuspidatus | (Michael 1884) | 33 | 41 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 100 |
Chamsp1 | Chamobatidae | Chamobates | sp1 | 32 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | |
Cultbicu | Astegistidae | Cultroribula | bicultrata | (Berlese 1905) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Dentnr.h | Achipteriidae | Dentachipteria | nr. highlandensis | 118* | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 119 | |
Eniominu | Eniochthoniidae | Eniochthonius | minutissimus | (Berlese 1903) | 534 | 523 | 497 | 15 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 1586 |
Erembrev | Eremaeidae | Eremaeus | brevitarsus | (Ewing 1917) | 6 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
Euphnr.f | Euphthiracaridae | Euphthiracarus | nr. fulvus | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |
Euphnr.v | Euphthiracaridae | Euphthiracarus | nr. vicinus | 5 | 26 | 24 | 0 | 8 | 19* | 5 | 87 | |
Euptorna | Cepheidae | Eupterotegaeus | ornatissimus | (Berlese 1908) | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Fuscfusc | Ceratozetidae | Fuscozetes | fuscipes | (Koch 1844) | 79 | 50 | 127 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 257 |
Grapsp1 | Oppiidae | Graptoppia | sp1 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | |
Hafeniti | Tenuialidae | Hafenferrefia | nitidula | (Banks 1906) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Haplsp1 | Haplozetidae | Haplozetes | sp1 | 19 | 25 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 49 | |
Hemiquad | Scheloribatidae | Hemileius | quadripilis | (Fitch 1856) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Hermsp1 | Hermanniellidae | Hermanniella | sp1 | 116 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 125 | |
Hyporufu | Hypochthoniidae | Hypochthonius | rufulus | Koch 1835 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Liebsp1 | Scheloribatidae | Liebstadia | sp1 | 12* | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | |
Lioclapp | Brachychthoniidae | Liochthonius | lapponicus | (Trägårdh 1910) | 90 | 65 | 60 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 223 |
Liocnr.b | Brachychthoniidae | Liochthonius | nr. brevis | 31 | 11 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 52 | |
Liocnr.l | Brachychthoniidae | Liochthonius | nr. lapponicus | 79 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 93 | |
Liocsp1 | Brachychthoniidae | Liochthonius | sp1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 33 | |
Micrsimp | Euphthiracaridae | Microtritia | simplex | (Jacot 1930) | 13 | 49 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 68 |
Mycoincu | Mycobatidae | Mycobates | incurvatus | Hammer 1952 | 85* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 85 |
Nanhsp1 | Nanhermanniidae | Nanhermannia | sp1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Neoglute | Ceratozetidae | Neogymnobates | luteus | Hammer 1955 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
Neoraura | Parakalummidae | Neoribates | aurantiacus | (Oudemans 1914) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Nothsilv | Nothridae | Nothrus | silvestris | Nicolet 1855 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Oppinova | Oppiidae | Oppiella | nova | (Oudemans 1902) | 935 | 2104 | 1080 | 277 | 89 | 509 | 196 | 5190 |
Oppinr.n | Oppiidae | Oppia | nr. nitens | 162* | 4 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 181 | |
Oppitran | Oppiidae | Oppiella | translamellata | Willmann 1923 | 19 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 |
Oribbrev | Oribatellidae | Oribatella | brevicornuta | Jacot 1934 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
Oribheni | Oribotritiidae | Oribotritia | henicos | Niedbala 2002 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Oribmira | Cepheidae | Oribatodes | mirabilis | Banks 1895 | 20 | 52 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 82 |
Oribquad | Oribatellidae | Oribatella | quadricornuta | (Michael 1880) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Oribsp1 | Oribatellidae | Oribatella | sp1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | |
Palahyst | Palaeacaridae | Palaeacarus | hystricinus | Trägårdh 1932 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
Paraleon | Scheloribatidae | Paraleius | leontonycha | (Berlese 1910) | 4 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
Phthbore | Phthiracaridae | Phthiracarus | boresetosus | Jacot 1930 | 32 | 50 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 108 |
Phthlong | Phthiracaridae | Phthiracarus | longulus | (Koch 1841) | 59 | 36 | 28 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 129 |
Pilonr.b | Galumnidae | Pilogalumna | nr. binadalares | 5 | 84* | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 135 | |
Platsp1 | Camisiidae | Platynothrus | sp1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | |
Platthor | Camisiidae | Platynothrus | thori | (Berlese 1904) | 30 | 11 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 |
Podotect | Podopterotegaeidae | Podopterotegaeus | tectus | Aoki 1969 | 97* | 0 | 0 | 16 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 128 |
Poecspic | Brachychthoniidae | Poecilochthonius | spiciger | (Berlese 1910) | 0 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
Propnr.m | Phenopelopidae | Propelops | nr. minnesotensis | 7 | 33 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | |
Protolig | Oribotritiidae | Protoribotritia | oligotricha | Maerkel 1963 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 9 |
Quadnr.s | Quadroppiidae | Quadroppia | nr. skookumchucki | 114* | 1 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 133 | |
Quadquad | Quadroppiidae | Quadroppia | quadricarinata | (Michael 1885) | 123 | 28 | 63 | 42 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 272 |
Rhysardu | Euphthiracaridae | Rhysotritia | ardua | (Koch 1841) | 18 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
Schen.sp | Scheloribatidae | Scheloribates | n.sp. | 6 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 | |
Schepall | Scheloribatidae | Scheloribates | pallidulus | (Koch 1841) | 1138 | 463 | 293 | 28 | 5 | 17 | 3 | 1947 |
Schesp1 | Scheloribatidae | Scheloribates | sp1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Sellrost | Brachychthoniidae | Sellnickochthonius | rostratus | (Jacot 1936) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Subisp1 | Oppiidae | Subiasella | sp1 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | |
Suctsp1 | Suctobelbidae | Suctobelbella | sp1 | 448 | 633 | 210 | 97 | 73 | 62 | 22 | 1545 | |
Suctsp2 | Suctobelbidae | Suctobelbella | sp2 | 25 | 36 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 78 | |
Suctsp3 | Suctobelbidae | Suctobelbella | sp3 | 210 | 201 | 117 | 21 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 563 | |
Suctsp4 | Suctobelbidae | Suctobelbella | sp4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5* | 0 | 0 | 8 | |
Tectvela | Tectocepheidae | Tectocepheus | velatus | (Michael 1880) | 166 | 371 | 200 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 748 |
Trhyamer | Trhypochthoniidae | Trhypochthonius | americanus | (Ewing 1908) | 9 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
Xylooblo | Haplozetidae | Xylobates | oblongus | (Ewing 1909) | 35 | 25 | 2 | 11 | 69* | 5 | 0 | 147 |
Zygoexil | Oribatulidae | Zygoribatula | exilis | (Nicolet 1855) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
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Déchêne, A.D., Buddle, C.M. Decomposing logs increase oribatid mite assemblage diversity in mixedwood boreal forest. Biodivers Conserv 19, 237–256 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9719-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9719-y