Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seismic performance of full-scale RC columns containing high proportion recycled aggregate

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 19 September 2019

This article has been updated

Abstract

The potential for utilizing high proportion recycled aggregates sourced from low strength waste concrete in new concrete construction is investigated in this paper. A comprehensive experimental program, consisting of ten full-scale, flexure critical reinforced concrete columns, five of which were constructed of natural concrete aggregate and five of which contained approximately 50% recycled concrete aggregate replacing the mid-sized coarse natural aggregate, was conducted to determine the effects of different axial loads and different spacings of transverse reinforcement on the seismic characteristics of columns incorporating recycled concrete aggregates. Seismic characteristics were quantified by analysis of hysteretic response, energy dissipation capacities, damage progression, residual displacement, and strain distribution of the longitudinal reinforcement. The test results indicate that the reinforced concrete columns constructed of natural aggregate concrete and those constructed of recycled aggregate concrete exhibit similar seismic performance, despite the fact that the compressive strength of the recycled aggregate concrete was slightly lower than that of the natural aggregate concrete. A theoretical study was then conducted to predict the load–displacement response of the columns. The comparison of the experimental data with the results of these theoretical calculations indicated that conventional RC design theory applied to columns incorporating natural aggregate is also valid for columns incorporating recycled aggregate. Finally, the confinement effect of the transverse reinforcement in columns subjected to low axial load were also critically evaluated for columns built with recycled aggregate concrete.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 19 September 2019

    The original article has been thus corrected with the corrected references and thus updated.

References

  • Arani KK, Marefat MS, Ludovico MD, Prota A, Manfredi G (2013) Hysteretic cyclic response of concrete columns reinforced with smooth bars. Bull Earthq Eng 11:2033–2053

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ASCE/SEI 41-13 (2013) Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings. Published by ASCE, Virginia

  • Bae S, Bayrak O (2008) Plastic hinge length of reinforced concrete columns. ACI Struct J 105(3):290–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Bairagi NK, Ravande K, Pareek VK (1993) Behaviour of concrete with different proportions of natural and RAs. Resour Conserv Recycl 9(1–2):109–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braga F, Caprili S, Gigliotti R, Salvatore W (2015) Hardening slip model for reinforcing steel bars. Earthq Struct 9(3):503–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BS 6089, BSI (2010) Assessment of in situ compressive strength in structures and precast concrete components. BSI, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Buck AD (1977) Recycled concrete as a source of aggregate. ACI J 74(5):212–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Casuccio M, Torrijos MC, Giaccio G, Zerbino R (2008) Failure mechanism of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 22:1500–1506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakradhara RM, Bhattacharyya S, Barai S (2011) Influence of field recycled coarse aggregate on properties of concrete. Mater Struct 44(1):205–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi H, Lim M, Inoue M, Kitagaki R, Noguchi T (2016) Evaluation on the mechanical performance of low-quality RA through interface enhancement between cement matrix and coarse aggregate by surface modification technology. Int J Concr Struct Mater 10(1):87–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Concrete Society (CSTR 11) (1976) Concrete core testing for strength. Technical report no. 11, London, 44

  • Dabhade AN, Choudhari SR, Gajbhiye AR (2012) Performance evaluation of RA used in concrete. Int J Eng Res Appl 2:1387–1391

    Google Scholar 

  • Debieb F, Courard L, Kenai S, Degeimbre R (2009) Roller compacted concrete with contaminated RAs. Constr Build Mater 23(11):3382–3387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fathifazl G, Razaqpur AG, Abbas OB, Fournier B, Foo S (2011) Shear capacity evaluation of steel reinforced recycled concrete (RRC) beams without stirrups. Eng Struct 33(3):1025–1033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Fonteboa B, Martinez-Abella F, Martinez-Lage I, Eiras-Lopez J (2009) Structural shear behavior of recycled concrete with silica fume. Constr Build Mater 23(11):3406–3410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hadi MNS (2008) Bond of high strength concrete with high strength reinforcing steel. Open Civ Eng J 2:2143–2147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han BC, Yun HD, Chung SY (2001) Shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams made with recycled-aggregate. ACI Spec Publ 200:503–516

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen TC, Boegh E (1985) Elasticity and drying shrinkage of RAC. ACI J 82(5):648–652

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanellopoulos A, Nicolaides D, Petrou MF (2014) Mechanical and durability properties of concretes containing recycled lime powder and RAs. Constr Build Mater 53:253–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz A (2003) Properties of concrete made with RA from partially hydrated old concrete. Cem Concr Res 33:703–711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan A (1984) Recycled concrete—a source for new aggregate. Cem Concr Aggreg 6(1):17–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kou SC, Poon CS, Chan D (2008) Influence of fly ash as a cement addition on the hardened properties of RAC. Mater Struct 41(7):1191–1201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laterza M, D’Amato M, Thanthirige LP, Braga F, Gigliotti R (2014) Comparisons of codal detailing rules for curvature ductility and numerical investigations. Open Constr Build Technol J 8:132–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leite MB, Monteiro PJM (2016) Microstructural analysis of recycled concrete using X-ray microtomography. Cem Concr Res 81:38–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Limbachiya MC, Leelawat T, Dhir RK (2000) Use of recycled concrete aggregate in high-strength concrete. Mater Struct 33(9):574–580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma H, Xue J, Luo D, Zhang X (2013) Seismic performance of steel-reinforced recycled concrete columns under low cyclic loads. Constr Build Mater 48:229–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ma H, Xue J, Liu Y, Zhang X (2015) Cyclic loading tests and shear strength of steel reinforced recycled concrete short columns. Eng Struct 92:55–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malešev M, Radonjanin V, Marinkovic S (2010) Recycled concrete as aggregate for structural concrete production. Sustainability 2(5):1204–1225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malhotra VM (1978) Recycled concrete-a new aggregate. Can J Civ Eng 5(1):42–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mander JB, Priestley MJN, Park R (1988) Theoretical stress–strain model for confined concrete. ASCE J Struct Eng 114(8):1804–1826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendis P (2001) Plastic hinge lengths of normal and high-strength concrete in flexure. Adv Struct Eng 4(4):189–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozcebe G, Saatcioglu M (1989) Hysteretic shear model for reinforced concrete members. J Struct Eng 115(1):132–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulay T, Priestley MJN (1992) Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rahal K (2007) Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate. Build Environ 1:407–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rise N, De Brito J, Correia JR, Arruda MRT (2015) Punching behavior of concrete slabs incorporating coarse recycled concrete aggregates. Eng Struct 100:238–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues H, Arede A, Varum H, Costa A (2013) Damage evolution in reinforced concrete columns subjected to biaxial loading. Bull Earthq Eng 11:1517–1540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert S, Hoffmann C, Leemann A, Moser K, Motavalli M (2012) RAC: experimental shear resistance of slabs without shear reinforcement. Eng Struct 41:490–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shayanfar J, Bengar HA (2017) Nonlinear analysis of RC frames considering shear behaviour of members under varying axial load. Bull Earthq Eng 15:2055–2078

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi XS, Wang QY, Qiu CC, Zhao XL (2010) Mechanical properties of recycled concrete filled steel tubes and double skin tubes. In: 2nd International conference on waste engineering and management-ICWEM 2010 RILEM proceedings, vol 73. pp 559–567

  • Sindy SP, Belen GF, Javier EL (2013) Bond behavior of steel reinforcement and recycled concrete. Mater Struct 47:323–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Soleimani F, McKay M, Yang CSW, Kurtis KE, DesRoches R, Kahn LF (2016) Cyclic testing and assessment of columns containing recycled concrete debris. ACI Struct J 113(5):1009–1020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suryawanshi SR, Singh B, Bhargava P (2015) Characterization of RAC. Adv Struct Eng 3:1813–1822

    Google Scholar 

  • Tavakoli M, Soroushian P (1996) Strength of RAC made from field-demolition aggregate. ACI Mater 93:178–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Topcu IB, Sengel S (2004) Properties of concretes produced with waste concrete aggregate. Cem Concr Res 34(8):1307–1312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turkish Seismic Design Code (TSDC) (2007) Regulations for buildings to be constructed in earthquake Prone areas. Ankara, Turkey

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson S, Zahn FA, Park R (1994) Confining reinforcement for concrete columns. J Struct Eng 120:1798–1824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao J, Falkner H (2007) Bond behavior between RAC and steel rebars. Constr Build Mater 21(2):395–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao JZ, Shen HB, Huang YB (2006) Test on compression performance of recycled concrete columns. Struct Eng 22(6):73–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao J, Huang X, Shen L (2012) Seismic behavior of semi-precast column with recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 35:988–1001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • XTRACT 3.0.8. (2007) Cross-sectional structural analysis of components. TRC, Rancho Cordova

  • Yang YF, Han LH (2006) Experimental behavior of recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tubular columns. J Constr Steel Res 62(12):1310–1324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou JH, Yang YS, Jiao X (2008) Experimental study on axial pressure bearing capacity of recycled concrete columns. J Shenyang Jianzhu Univ (Nat Sci) 24(4):572–586

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuo J, Darwin D (2000) Splice strength of conventional and high relative rib area bars in normal and high strength concrete. ACI Struct J 97(4):630–641

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The supports of O. Manzak, Yapı Merkezi, and Akçansa Companies are gratefully acknowledged. The authors are thankful to K. Darılmaz from ITU, M. Zorbozan from Yıldız Technical University, and L. Bank and A. Yazdanbakhsh from City College of New York for their valuable advices. The invaluable contributions of B. Aldırmaz, the staff of ITU Structural and Earthquake Engineering and ITU Infrastructure Materials Laboratories are acknowledged. Financial support of the ITU Scientific Research Department (Project No: 39360) is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Structural Engineering Division, Engineering Faculty, AAT Science and Technology University, 01250, Saricam, Adana, Turkey

    Ilyas Saribas

  2. Structural and Earthquake Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey

    Caglar Goksu, Ergun Binbir & Alper Ilki

Authors
  1. Ilyas Saribas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Caglar Goksu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ergun Binbir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alper Ilki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ilyas Saribas.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Saribas, I., Goksu, C., Binbir, E. et al. Seismic performance of full-scale RC columns containing high proportion recycled aggregate. Bull Earthquake Eng 17, 6009–6037 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00687-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00687-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation