Correction to: Archives of Sexual Behavior https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02401-9
Copy-pasting errors (Table 1 and Table 5)
Due to a copy-pasting error, part of the responses in Table 1 is incorrectly labeled. As noted above, the Frequencies labeled as “Yes” should be labeled “No” and vice-versa. Otherwise, the numbers in the table are correct, and we used the correct data to describe our findings—we just switched the labeling when preparing the final table.
We also noticed a copy-pasting error in reliability estimates in Table 5. Here, the reliability estimates reported for Sensation seeking belong to Quality of family environment (i.e., the statistics should be shifted one line down). The correct reliability estimates for both variables (i.e., sensation seeking, quality of family environment) are indicated in the tables below. Importantly, all the correct reliabilities are satisfactory, and no measure has lower reliability than what was reported in the article and reviewed by reviewers (in fact, the reliabilities are better than what we reported originally).
Pooling errors—standard deviations (Table 2 and Table 5)
We manually pooled SDs in this table by averaging SDs across imputations in MS Excel. By mistake, we also included the SDs from the original (unimputed) data in this calculation. In other words, the pooled SDs should have been an average across the 20 imputations, but in the current state, they are an average across 21 datasets (the 20 imputations plus the original unimputed data).
In most cases, the difference between the correct value and the reported value of SD is negligible—on the order of the third decimal place. Thus, most values are exactly the same after rounding to two decimal places. There are several exceptions where the SDs change on the second decimal place—these are indicated in the tables below.
The variable Parental Restrictions (Table 2) is a special case. Here, the SD values computed from the original unimputed data were incorrect. Due to not declaring missing values as “missing” when calculating the final score from responses to the three indicator items (and thus, counting the value of − 99 to − 97 as valid), the SDs of Parental Restrictions in the original dataset are much larger than they should be. Consequently, the pooled SDs reported in the article are also too large. This is only because of the error in the manual computation of pooled SDs and does not affect other parts of the analysis, i.e., the means, regressions, and frequencies and reliabilities (except those mentioned above) remain the same. Reported and corrected pooled SDs for Parental restrictions are indicated in the tables below.
Discussion
The first sentence of the Discussion mentions the wrong percentages:
Exposure to sexually explicit materials in our study varied from 25 to 58%, and on average, 40% of adolescents reported that they had seen some sexually explicit materials in the past year, online or offline.
The reported percentages cite values from an old version of Table 1. In the old version, the percentages in the line labeled “Yes” and “No” are overall percentages (i.e., out of all adolescents, including those with missing values). In revisions, we changed the logic of Table 1 so that the lines show valid percentages (i.e., out of adolescents who provided a valid response, not missing). We forgot to update these percentages in the text. This is the sentence with correct percentages (please note that while the specific percentage differs, the overall finding and its meaning remain the same):
Exposure to sexually explicit materials in our study varied from 32 to 65%, and on average, 48% of adolescents reported that they had seen some sexually explicit materials in the past year, online or offline.
In article (incorrect version):
Table 1 Sexually explicit material exposure: Frequencies by country
SEM exposure | Czechia | Finland | Malta | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Serbia | Spain | Switzerland | Total | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Valid responses | 1805 | 83.1 | 589 | 77.9 | 772 | 80.0 | 592 | 76.4 | 1187 | 83.8 | 471 | 78.8 | 704 | 89.3 | 2071 | 92.4 | 629 | 91.3 | 8820 | 84.8 |
Yes | 792 | 43.9 | 320 | 54.3 | 442 | 57.3 | 400 | 67.6 | 752 | 63.4 | 267 | 56.7 | 244 | 34.7 | 1108 | 53.5 | 296 | 47.1 | 4621 | 52.4 |
No | 1013 | 56.1 | 269 | 45.7 | 330 | 42.7 | 192 | 32.4 | 435 | 36.6 | 204 | 43.3 | 460 | 65.3 | 963 | 46.5 | 333 | 52.9 | 4199 | 47.6 |
Missing values | 368 | 16.9 | 167 | 22.1 | 193 | 20.0 | 183 | 23.6 | 229 | 16.2 | 127 | 21.2 | 84 | 10.7 | 170 | 7.6 | 60 | 8.7 | 1581 | 15.2 |
Missing value | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 32 | 16.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 19 | 22.6 | 100 | 58.8 | 8 | 13.3 | 159 | 10.1 |
I don't know | 187 | 50.8 | 106 | 63.5 | 80 | 41.5 | 104 | 56.8 | 111 | 48.5 | 53 | 41.7 | 34 | 40.5 | 70 | 41.2 | 24 | 40.0 | 769 | 48.6 |
Prefer not to say | 181 | 49.2 | 61 | 36.5 | 81 | 42.0 | 79 | 43.2 | 118 | 51.5 | 74 | 58.3 | 31 | 36.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 28 | 46.7 | 653 | 41.3 |
Total | 2173 | 756 | 965 | 775 | 1416 | 598 | 788 | 2241 | 689 | 10401 |
Corrected:
Table 1 Sexually explicit material exposure: Frequencies by country
SEM exposure | Czechia | Finland | Malta | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Serbia | Spain | Switzerland | Total | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Valid responses | 1805 | 83.1 | 589 | 77.9 | 772 | 80.0 | 592 | 76.4 | 1187 | 83.8 | 471 | 78.8 | 704 | 89.3 | 2071 | 92.4 | 629 | 91.3 | 8820 | 84.8 |
No | 792 | 43.9 | 320 | 54.3 | 442 | 57.3 | 400 | 67.6 | 752 | 63.4 | 267 | 56.7 | 244 | 34.7 | 1108 | 53.5 | 296 | 47.1 | 4621 | 52.4 |
Yes | 1013 | 56.1 | 269 | 45.7 | 330 | 42.7 | 192 | 32.4 | 435 | 36.6 | 204 | 43.3 | 460 | 65.3 | 963 | 46.5 | 333 | 52.9 | 4199 | 47.6 |
Missing values | 368 | 16.9 | 167 | 22.1 | 193 | 20.0 | 183 | 23.6 | 229 | 16.2 | 127 | 21.2 | 84 | 10.7 | 170 | 7.6 | 60 | 8.7 | 1581 | 15.2 |
Missing value | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 32 | 16.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 19 | 22.6 | 100 | 58.8 | 8 | 13.3 | 159 | 10.1 |
I don't know | 187 | 50.8 | 106 | 63.5 | 80 | 41.5 | 104 | 56.8 | 111 | 48.5 | 53 | 41.7 | 34 | 40.5 | 70 | 41.2 | 24 | 40.0 | 769 | 48.6 |
Prefer not to say | 181 | 49.2 | 61 | 36.5 | 81 | 42.0 | 79 | 43.2 | 118 | 51.5 | 74 | 58.3 | 31 | 36.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 28 | 46.7 | 653 | 41.3 |
Total | 2173 | 756 | 965 | 775 | 1416 | 598 | 788 | 2241 | 689 | 10401 |
In article (incorrect version):
Table 2 Descriptive statistics and reliability estimates of predictors and characteristics of the final sample (N = 8820)
Variables | Range | Czechia | Finland | Malta | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Serbia | Spain | Switzerland |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 1805 | 589 | 772 | 592 | 1187 | 471 | 704 | 2071 | 629 | |
Gender [% male] | 49.2 | 47.9 | 37.3 | 46.8 | 47.3 | 50.0 | 44.9 | 51.7 | 50.1 | |
Descriptives [ M ( SD )] | ||||||||||
Age | 11–16 | 13.61 (1.72) | 14.02 (1.62) | 13.07 (1.51) | 13.03 (1.66) | 13.34 (1.59) | 13.35 (1.76) | 13.76 (1.73) | 13.06 (1.44) | 13.27 (1.41) |
Time spent online | 1–9 | 5.04 (2.26) | 5.73 (1.86) | 5.16 (2.15) | 4.68 (2.19) | 4.81 (2.25) | 4.80 (2.46) | 5.50 (2.22) | 4.68 (2.30) | 4.16 (1.89) |
Emotional Symptoms | 1–4 | 1.98 (0.73) | 1.84 (0.86) | 2.15 (0.85) | 1.84 (0.77) | 1.89 (0.73) | 2.02 (0.83) | 1.80 (0.74) | 2.07 (0.74) | 1.74 (0.68) |
Sensation seeking | 1–4 | 1.76 (0.81) | 1.75 (0.91) | 1.78 (0.88) | 1.59 (0.80) | 1.53 (0.79) | 1.68 (0.82) | 1.69 (0.88) | 1.62 (0.83) | 1.59 (0.72) |
Quality of family environment | 1–4 | 3.27 (0.65) | 3.44 (0.73) | 3.48 (0.71) | 3.41 (0.80) | 3.41 (0.63) | 3.30 (0.85) | 3.53 (0.59) | 3.47 (0.69) | 3.45 (0.65) |
Active parental mediation | 1–5 | 2.40 (0.91) | 2.53 (1.04) | 3.09 (1.07) | 2.58 (1.11) | 2.89 (1.00) | 2.90 (1.12) | 3.06 (1.03) | 2.73 (1.07) | 2.38 (0.97) |
Parental restrictions | 0–3 | 0.45 (5.47) | 0.57 (6.47) | 0.76 (6.53) | 0.79 (6.26) | 0.75 (4.36) | 0.83 (5.09) | 0.53 (4.30) | 1.08 (5.72) | 0.98 (5.92) |
Reliability a | ||||||||||
Emotional Symptoms | .80 | .86 | .81 | .81 | .77 | .82 | .76 | .71 | .78 | |
Sensation seeking | .85 | .91 | .83 | .85 | .82 | .85 | .88 | .87 | .81 | |
Quality of family environment | .68 | .81 | .82 | .83 | .74 | .85 | .72 | .75 | .77 | |
Active parental mediation | .67 | .83 | .77 | .76 | .72 | .76 | .68 | .71 | .70 | |
Restrictive Parental mediation | .72 | .66 | .75 | .77 | .67 | .80 | .73 | .70 | .68 |
Corrected:
Table 2 Descriptive statistics and reliability estimates of predictors and characteristics of the final sample (N = 8820)
Variables | Range | Czechia | Finland | Malta | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Serbia | Spain | Switzerland |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 1805 | 589 | 772 | 592 | 1187 | 471 | 704 | 2071 | 629 | |
Gender [% male] | 49.2 | 47.9 | 37.3 | 46.8 | 47.3 | 50.0 | 44.9 | 51.7 | 50.1 | |
Descriptives [M (SD)] | ||||||||||
Age | 11–16 | 13.61 (1.72) | 14.02 (1.62) | 13.07 (1.51) | 13.03 (1.66) | 13.34 (1.59) | 13.35 (1.76) | 13.76 (1.73) | 13.06 (1.44) | 13.27 (1.41) |
Time spent online | 1–9 | 5.04 (2.26) | 5.73 (1.86) | 5.16 (2.15) | 4.68 (2.19) | 4.81 (2.26) | 4.80 (2.46) | 5.50 (2.22) | 4.68 (2.30) | 4.16 (1.89) |
Emotional symptoms | 1–4 | 1.98 (0.73) | 1.84 (0.86) | 2.15 (0.84) | 1.84 (0.77) | 1.89 (0.73) | 2.02 (0.83) | 1.80 (0.74) | 2.07 (0.73) | 1.74 (0.68) |
Sensation seeking | 1–4 | 1.76 (0.81) | 1.75 (0.91) | 1.78 (0.88) | 1.59 (0.80) | 1.53 (0.79) | 1.68 (0.82) | 1.69 (0.88) | 1.62 (0.83) | 1.59 (0.72) |
Quality of family environment | 1–4 | 3.27 (0.65) | 3.44 (0.72) | 3.48 (0.71) | 3.41 (0.80) | 3.41 (0.63) | 3.30 (0.85) | 3.53 (0.59) | 3.47 (0.69) | 3.45 (0.65) |
Active parental mediation | 1-5 | 2.40 (0.91) | 2.53 (1.04) | 3.09 (1.07) | 2.58 (1.11) | 2.89 (1.00) | 2.90 (1.12) | 3.06 (1.03) | 2.73 (1.07) | 2.38 (0.97) |
Parental restrictions | 0-3 | 0.45 (0.85) | 0.57 (0.89) | 0.76 (1.06) | 0.79 (1.09) | 0.75 (1.00) | 0.83 (1.13) | 0.53 (0.91) | 1.08 (1.12) | 0.98 (1.09) |
Reliabilitya | ||||||||||
Emotional symptoms | .80 | .86 | .81 | .81 | .77 | .82 | .76 | .71 | .78 | |
Sensation seeking | .85 | .91 | .83 | .85 | .82 | .85 | .88 | .87 | .81 | |
Quality of family environment | .68 | .81 | .82 | .83 | .74 | .85 | .72 | .75 | .77 | |
Active parental mediation | .67 | .83 | .77 | .76 | .72 | .76 | .68 | .71 | .70 | |
Restrictive parental mediation | .72 | .66 | .75 | .77 | .67 | .80 | .73 | .70 | .68 |
In article (incorrect version):
Table 5 Descriptive statistics and reliability of predictors and characteristics of the sub-sample of adolescents who reported feelings after exposure to sexually explicit materials (N = 3364)
Variables | Range | Czechia | Finland | Malta | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Serbia | Spain | Switzerland |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 790 | 222 | 225 | 132 | 334 | 177 | 386 | 839 | 259 | |
Gender [% male] | 53.4 | 47.6 | 41.3 | 55.3 | 59.0 | 60.2 | 51.0 | 59.1 | 52.5 | |
Descriptives [ M ( SD )] | ||||||||||
Age | 11–16 | 14.18 (1.60) | 14.67 (1.30) | 13.6 (1.61) | 14.09 (1.67) | 14.16 (1.40) | 13.95 (1.67) | 14.34 (1.49) | 13.74 (1.36) | 13.88 (1.19) |
Time spent online | 1–9 | 5.64 (2.16) | 6.16 (1.67) | 5.54 (1.96) | 5.56 (2.21) | 5.36 (2.09) | 5.25 (2.29) | 6.02 (2.02) | 5.37 (2.19) | 4.73 (1.71) |
Emotional symptoms | 1–4 | 2.12 (0.74) | 2.11 (0.91) | 2.30 (0.88) | 2.08 (0.87) | 1.98 (0.74) | 2.15 (0.82) | 1.86 (0.77) | 2.25 (0.75) | 1.88 (0.70) |
Sensation seeking | 1–4 | 2.00 (0.85) | 2.09 (0.95) | 2.04 (0.92) | 1.98 (0.93) | 1.88 (0.89) | 1.96 (0.87) | 1.87 (0.92) | 1.92 (0.92) | 1.76 (0.72) |
Quality of family environment | 1–4 | 3.22 (0.66) | 3.38 (0.77) | 3.36 (0.74) | 3.24 (0.85) | 3.39 (0.60) | 3.31 (0.83) | 3.51 (0.59) | 3.37 (0.72) | 3.39 (0.67) |
Reliability a | ||||||||||
Emotional symptoms | .78 | .86 | .83 | .83 | .78 | .82 | .79 | .71 | .78 | |
Sensation seeking | .70 | .85 | .80 | .82 | .72 | .85 | .70 | .76 | .79 | |
Quality of family environment | .70 | .82 | .78 | .62 | .73 | .77 | .66 | .71 | .68 |
Corrected:
Table 5 Descriptive statistics and reliability of predictors and characteristics of the sub-sample of adolescents who reported feelings after exposure to sexually explicit materials (N = 3364)
Variables | Range | Czechia | Finland | Malta | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Serbia | Spain | Switzerland |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 790 | 222 | 225 | 132 | 334 | 177 | 386 | 839 | 259 | |
Gender [% male] | 53.4 | 47.6 | 41.3 | 55.3 | 59.0 | 60.2 | 51.0 | 59.1 | 52.5 | |
Descriptives [M (SD)] | ||||||||||
Age | 11–16 | 14.18 (1.60) | 14.67 (1.30) | 13.6 (1.61) | 14.09 (1.67) | 14.16 (1.40) | 13.95 (1.67) | 14.34 (1.49) | 13.74 (1.36) | 13.88 (1.19) |
Time spent online | 1–9 | 5.64 (2.16) | 6.16 (1.67) | 5.54 (1.96) | 5.56 (2.21) | 5.36 (2.09) | 5.25 (2.29) | 6.02 (2.02) | 5.37 (2.19) | 4.73 (1.71) |
Emotional symptoms | 1–4 | 2.12 (0.74) | 2.11 (0.91) | 2.30 (0.88) | 2.08 (0.87) | 1.98 (0.74) | 2.15 (0.82) | 1.86 (0.77) | 2.25 (0.75) | 1.88 (0.70) |
Sensation seeking | 1–4 | 2.00 (0.85) | 2.09 (0.95) | 2.04 (0.92) | 1.98 (0.93) | 1.88 (0.89) | 1.96 (0.87) | 1.87 (0.92) | 1.92 (0.92) | 1.76 (0.72) |
Quality of family environment | 1–4 | 3.22 (0.66) | 3.38 (0.76) | 3.36 (0.74) | 3.24 (0.85) | 3.39 (0.60) | 3.31 (0.83) | 3.51 (0.59) | 3.37 (0.72) | 3.39 (0.67) |
Reliabilitya | ||||||||||
Emotional symptoms | .78 | .86 | .83 | .83 | .78 | .82 | .79 | .71 | .78 | |
Sensation seeking | .85 | .90 | .86 | .88 | .80 | .85 | .88 | .88 | .78 | |
Quality of family environment | .70 | .85 | .80 | .82 | .72 | .85 | .70 | .76 | .79 |
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Lebedíková, M., Mýlek, V., Subrahmanyam, K. et al. Correction to: Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials and Feelings After Exposure Among Adolescents in Nine European Countries: The Role of Individual Factors and Social Characteristics. Arch Sex Behav 52, 353–357 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02448-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-022-02448-8