Abstract
The current work presents the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a kerosene spray ignition phase in a simplified aeronautical combustor for which detailed experimental data are available. The carrier phase is simulated using an unstructured multi-species compressible Navier-Stokes solver while the dispersed liquid phase is modeled with a Lagrangian approach. An energy deposition model neglecting the presence of a plasma phase in the very first instants of the energy deposition process, a reduced kinetic scheme and a simplified spray injection model are combined to achieve both a reasonable computational expense and a satisfactory overall accuracy. Following a brief description of the validation of these models, non reactive gaseous and two-phase flow LES’s of the target combustor are performed. Excellent agreement with experiments is observed for the non reactive gaseous simulations. The dispersed phase velocity fields are also well reproduced while discrepancies appear for the spatial size distribution of the particles. Finally, numerical snapshots of a successful ignition phase are shown and discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Maly, R., Vogel, M.: Initiation and propagation of flame fronts in lean CH4-air mixtures by the three modes of the ignition spark. In: 17th International Symposium on Combustion, pp 821–831. The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh (1978), https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(79)80079-X
Eyssartier, A., Cuenot, B., Gicquel, L.Y., Poinsot, T.: Using LES to predict ignition sequences and ignition probability of turbulent two-phase flames. Combust. Flame 160(7), 1191–1207 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.01.017
Neophytou, A., Richardson, E., Mastorakos, E.: Spark ignition of turbulent recirculating non-premixed gas and spray flames: a model for predicting ignition probability. Combust. Flame 159(4), 1503–1522 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.12.015
Boileau, M., Staffelbach, G., Cuenot, B., Poinsot, T., Bérat, C.: LES of an ignition sequence in a gas turbine engine. Combust. Flame 154(1–2), 2–22 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.02.006
Esclapez, L., Riber, E., Cuenot, B.: Ignition probability of a partially premixed burner using LES. Proc. Combust. Inst. 35(3), 3133–3141 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.040
Thiele, M., Selle, S., Riedel, U., Warnatz, J., Maas, U.: Numerical simulation of spark ignition including ionization. Int. Symp. Combust. 28(1), 1177–1185 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80328-8
Duclos, J.M., Colin O.: Arc and kernel tracking ignition model for 3D spark ignition engine calculations. In: Fifth International Symposium on Diagnostics, Modelling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines (COMODIA). Nagoya, pp 343–350 (2001)
Dahms, R., Drake, M., Fansler, T., Kuo, T.W., Peters, N.: Understanding ignition processes in spray-guided gasoline engines using high-speed imaging and the extended spark-ignition model SparkCIMM. Part A: Spark channel processes and the turbulent flame front propagation. Combust. Flame 158(11), 2229–2244 (2011)
Colin, O., Truffin, K.: A spark ignition model for Large Eddy Simulation based on an FSD transport equation (ISSIM-LES). Proc. Combust. Inst. 33(2), 3097–3104 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.023
Richard, S., Vermorel, O., Veynante, D.: Development of LES models based on the flame surface density approach for ignition and combustion in SI engines. In: ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Combustion, pp 1–20 (2005)
Enaux, B.: Simulation aux Grandes Echelles d’un moteur à allumage commandé—évaluations des variabilités cycliques (in French). PhD thesis, Université de Toulouse, France (2010)
Lacaze, G., Richardson, E., Poinsot, T.: Large Eddy Simulation of spark ignition in a turbulent methane jet. Combust. Flame 156(10), 1993–2009 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.05.006
Neophytou, A., Mastorakos, E.: Simulations of laminar flame propagation in droplet mists. Combust. Flame 156(8), 1627–1640 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.02.014
Aggarwal, S.: A review of spray ignition phenomena: present status and future research. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 24(6), 565–600 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1285(98)00016-1
Mastorakos, E.: Forced ignition of turbulent spray flames. Proc. Combust. Inst. 36(2), 2367–2383 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2016.08.044
Bruyat, A.: Influence de l’évaporation de gouttes multicomposant sur la combustion et des effets diphasiques sur l’allumage d’un foyer aéronautique (in French). PhD thesis, Université de Toulouse, France (2012)
McBride, B.J., Zehe, M.J., Gordon, S.: NASA Glenn coefficients for calculating thermodynamic properties of individual species. Tech. Rep. NASA/TP-2002-211556, E-13336, NAS 1.60:211556. NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland (2002)
Renou, B., Boukhalfa, A.: An experimental study of freely propagating premixed flames at various Lewis numbers. Combust. Sci. Technol. 162(1), 347–370 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200108952148
Poinsot, T., Veynante, D.: Theoretical and Numerical Combustion, 2nd edn. R.T. Edwards, Flourtown (2005)
Teets, R., Sell, J.: Calorimetry of ignition sparks. SAE transactions 97, 371–383 (1988). https://doi.org/10.4271/880204
Lecourt, R.: TIMECOP-AE WP2 D2.2.1c—injection system two-phase flow characterisation (LDA-PDA). STREP AST5-CT-2006-030828. Tech. rep., ONERA, Fauga (2008)
Rosa, N.G.: Phénomènes d’allumage d’un foyer de turbomachine en conditions de haute altitude (in French). PhD thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, ISAE (2008)
Lang, A., Lecourt, R., Giuliani, F.: Statistical evaluation of ignition phenomena in turbojet engines. In: ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, pp 985–992. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (2010), https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2010-23229
Linassier, G.: étude expérimentale et numérique de l’allumage des turboréacteurs en conditions de haute altitude (in French). PhD thesis, Université de Toulouse, France (2012)
Smagorinsky, J.: General circulation experiments with the primitive equations 1. The basic experiment. Mon. Weather Rev. 91, 99–164 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091<0099:GCEWTP>2.3.CO;2
Eyssartier, A.: Study and modelisation of stationnary and transient two-phase flow combustion. PhD thesis, INP Toulouse. France (2012)
Murrone, A., Villedieu, P.: Numerical modeling of dispersed two-phase flows. Aerospace Lab 2, 1–13 (2011)
Williams, F.: Spray combustion and atomization. Phys. Fluids 1, 541 (1958). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1724379
Zuzio, D., Thuillet, S., Senoner, J.M., Laurent, C., Rouzaud, O., Gajan, P.: Multi-solver LES simulation of the atomization of a cross-flow liquid jet in a channel. In: Proceedings of the 4th INCA Colloquium, Paris-Saclay (2017)
Sanjosé, M., Senoner, J.M., Jaegle, F., Cuenot, B., Moreau, S., Poinsot, T.: Fuel injection model for Euler–Euler and Euler–Lagrange large-eddy simulations of an evaporating spray inside an aeronautical combustor. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 37(5), 514–529 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2011.01.008
Lefebvre, A.H.: Atomization and sprays. Taylor & Francis, New York (1989)
Schiller, L., Nauman, A.: A drag coefficient correlation. VDI Zeitung 77, 318–320 (1935)
Spalding, D.: A standard formulation of the steady convective mass transfer problem. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 1(2–3), 192–207 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(60)90022-3
Ranz, W.E., Marshall, W.R.: Evaporation from drops. Chem. Eng. Process. 48(4), 173 (1952)
Abramzon, B., Sirignano, W.A.: Droplet vaporisation model for spray combustion calculations. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 32(9), 1605–1618 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(89)90043-4
Maxey, M., Patel, B.: Localized force representations for particles sedimenting in Stokes flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 27(9), 1603–1626 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9322(01)00014-3
Haselbacher, A., Najjar, F.M., Ferry, J.P.: An efficient and robust particle-localization algorithm for unstructured grids. J. Comput. Phys. 225(2), 2198–2213 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.03.018
Rosa, N.G., Villedieu, P., Dewitte, J., Lavergne, G.: A new droplet-wall interaction model. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray System, Tokyo (2006)
Senoner, J.M.: Simulations aux grandes échelles de l’écoulement diphasique dans un brûleur aéronautique par une approche Euler-Lagrange (in English). PhD thesis, Université de Toulouse (2010)
Franzelli, B., Riber, E., Sanjosé, M., Poinsot, P.: A two-step chemical scheme for Large-Eddy Simulation of kerosene-air flames. Combust. Flame 157(7), 1364–1373 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.03.014
Colin, O., Ducros, F., Veynante, D., Poinsot, T.: A thickened flame model for Large Eddy Simulations of turbulent premixed combustion. Phys. Fluids 12(7), 1843–1863 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.870436
Charlette, F., Veynante, D., Meneveau, C.: A power-law wrinkling model for LES of premixed turbulent combustion. Part I—non-dynamic formulation and initial tests. Combust. Flame 131, 159–180 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00400-5
Boileau, M.: Simulation aux grandes échelles de l’allumage diphasique des foyers aéronautiques (in French). Phd thesis, INP Toulouse (2007)
Philip, M., Boileau, M., Vicquelin, R., Riber, E., Schmitt, T., Cuenot, B., Durox, D., Candel, S.: Large Eddy Simulations of the ignition sequence of an annular multiple-injector combustor. Proc. Combust. Inst. 35(3), 3159–3166 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2014.07.008
Acknowledgements
The financial support of the Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA), the French Government Defense procurement and technology agency, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to warmly thank Mikael Orain, Olivier Rouzaud, Lionel Matuszewski and Nicolas Bertier for useful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Loïc Hervo’s PhD thesis was partially funded by the Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA), the French Government Defense procurement and technology agency.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hervo, L., Senoner, J.M., Biancherin, A. et al. Large-Eddy Simulation of Kerosene Spray Ignition in a Simplified Aeronautic Combustor. Flow Turbulence Combust 101, 603–625 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-018-9924-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-018-9924-4