Abstract
The governing equation of the discharge per unit width, derived from the flow continuity equation and the momentum equation in the vegetated compound channel, is established. The analytical solution to the discharge per unit width is presented, including the effects of bed friction, lateral momentum transfer, drag force, and secondary flows. A simple but available numerical integral method, i.e., the compound trapezoidal formula, is used to calculate the approximate solutions of the sub-area discharge and the total discharge. A comparison with the published experimental data from the U. K. Flood Channel Facility (UK-FCF) demonstrates that this model is capable of predicting not only the stage-discharge curve but also the sub-area discharge in the vegetated compound channel. The effects of the two crucial parameters, i.e., the divided number of the integral interval and the secondary flow coefficient, on the total discharge are discussed and analyzed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atabay, S. Stage-Discharge, Resistance, and Sediment Transport Relationships for Flow in Straight Compound Channels, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham (2001)
Knight, D. W., Omran, M., and Tang, X. Modeling depth-averaged velocity and boundary shear in trapezoidal channels with secondary flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133, 39–47 (2007)
Tang, X., Knight, D. W., and Sterling, M. Analytical model of streamwise velocity in vegetated channels. Proceedings of the ICE-Engineering and Computational Mechanics, 164, 91–102 (2011)
Yang, Z. H., Gao, W., and Huai, W. X. Study on the secondary flow coefficient of overbank flow. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 31(6), 709–718 (2010) DOI 10.1007/s10483-010-1305-9
Yang, K. J., Nie, R. H., Liu, X. N., and Cao, S. Y. Modeling depth-averaged velocity and boundary shear stress in rectangular compound channels with secondary flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 139, 76–83 (2013)
Huang, B. S., Lai, G. W., Qiu, J., and Lin, S. Z. Hydraulics of compound channel with vegetated floodplains. Journal of Hydraulics, 14, 23–28 (2002)
Yang, K. J., Cao, S. Y., and Knight, D. W. Flow patterns in compound channels with vegetated floodplains. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133, 148–159 (2007)
James, C. S. and Makoa, M. J. Conveyance estimation for channels with emerged vegetation boundaries. Proceedings of the ICE-Water Management, 159, 235–243 (2006)
Tang, X. and Knight, D.W. Lateral distribution of streamwise velocity in compound channels with partially vegetated floodplains. Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 3357–3362 (2009)
Liu, C., Luo, X., Liu, X. N., and Yang, K. J. Modeling depth-averaged velocity and bed shear stress in compound channels with emerged and submerged vegetation. Advances in Water Resources, 60, 148–159 (2013)
Huai, W. X., Xu, Z. G., Yang, Z. H., and Zeng, Y. H. Two-dimensional analytical solution for a partially vegetated compound channel flow. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 29(8), 1077–1084 (2008) DOI 10.1007/s10483-008-0811-y
Huai, W. X., Gao, M., Zeng, Y. H., and Li, D. Two-dimensional analytical solution for compound channel flows with vegetated floodplains. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 30(9), 1121–1130 (2009) DOI 10.1007/s10483-009-0906-z
Liu, C., Shan, Y. Q., Yang, K. J., and Liu, X. N. The characteristics of secondary flows in compound channels with vegetated floodplains. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 25, 422–429 (2013)
Folkard, A. M. Vegetated flows in their environmental context: a review. Proceedings of the ICE-Engineering and Computational Mechanics, 164, 3–24 (2011)
Liao, H. S. and Knight, D. W. Analytic stage-discharge formulae for flow in straight trapezoidal open channels. Advances in Water Resources, 30, 2283–2295 (2007)
White, B. L. and Neph, H. M. Shear instability and coherent structures in shallow flow adjacent to a porous layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 593, 1–32 (2007)
Li, C. W. and Zeng, C. 3D numerical modeling of flow divisions at open channel junctions with or without vegetation. Advances in Water Resources, 32, 49–60 (2009)
Barrett, L., Wright, N. G., and Sterling, M. A comparison of 2D and 3D simulations of the River Blackwater. Proceedings of the ICE-Engineering and Computational Mechanics, 164, 217–232 (2011)
McGahey, C., Samuels, P. G., Knight, D. W., and O’Hare, M. T. Estimating river flow capacity in practice. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 1, 23–33 (2008)
Knight, D. W. and Demetriou, J. D. Flood plain and main channel flow interaction. Journal of the Hydraulic Engineering, 109, 1073–1092 (1983)
Knight, D. W. and Hamed, M. E. Boundary shear in symmetrical compound channels. Journal of the Hydraulic Engineering, 110, 1412–1430 (1984)
Tang, X., Knight, D. W., and Samuels, P. G. Variable parameter Muskingum-Cunge method for flood routing in a compound channel. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 37, 591–614 (1999)
Wormleation, P. R. and Merrett, D. J. An improved method of calculation for steady uniform flow in prismatic main channel/flood plain sections. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 28, 157–174 (1990)
Ackers, P. Flow formulae for straight two-stage channels. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 31, 509–531 (1993)
Yang, K. J., Liu, X. N., Cao, S. Y., and Huang, E. Stage-discharge prediction in compound channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 140, 06014001 (2014)
Zeng, Y. H., Wang, Y. H., and Huai, W. X. Hydraulic calculation of steady uniform flows in trapezoidal compound open channels. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 31(8), 947–954 (2010) DOI 10.1007/s10483-010-1329-z
Liu, P. Q. and Dong, J. R. Hydraulic computation of steady-uniform flows in open channels with compound cross section (in Chinese). Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 12, 61–66 (1995)
Yang, Z. H., Gao, W., and Huai, W. X. Estimation of discharge in compound channels based on energy concept. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 50, 105–113 (2012)
Liao, H. S. and Knight, D. W. Analytic stage-discharge formulas for flow in straight prismatic channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133, 1111–1122 (2007)
Abril, J. B. and Knight, D. W. Stage discharge prediction for rivers in flood applying a depth averaged model. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 42, 616–629 (2004)
Shiono, K. and Knight, D. W. Turbulent open channel flows with variable depth across the channel. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 222, 617–646 (1991)
Shiono, K., Al-Romaih, J. S., and Knight, D. W. Stage-discharge assessment in compound meandering channels. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125, 66–77 (1999)
Greenhill, R. K. and Sellin, R. H. J. Development of a simple method to predict discharges in compound meandering channels. Proceedings of the ICE-Water, Maritime & Energy, 101, 37–44 (1993)
Horritt, M. S. and Wright, N. G. A mixing length model for estimating channel conveyance. Proceedings of the ICE-Water Management, 166, 165–174 (2011)
Myers, W. R. C., Lyness, J. F., and Cassells, J. B. Influence of boundary roughness on velocity and discharge in compound river channels. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 39, 311–319 (2000)
Sechin, G., Mamak, M., Atabay, S., and Omran, M. Discharge estimation in compound channels with fixed and mobile bed. Sadhana, 34, 923–945 (2009)
Wormleaton, P. R., Allen, J., and Hadjipanos, P. Discharge assessment in compound channel flow. Journal of Hydraulic Division, 108, 975–993 (1982)
Karamisheva, R. D., Lyness, J. F., Myers, W. R. C., Cassells, J. B. C., and O’Sullivan, J. Overbank flow depth prediction in alluvial compound channels. Proceedings of the ICE-Water Management, 159, 195–205 (2006)
Lambert, M. F. and Myers, W. R. C. Estimating the discharge capacity in straight compound channels. Proceedings of the ICE-Water, Maritime & Energy, 130, 84–94 (1998)
Darby, S. E. and Thorne, C. R. Predicting stage-discharge curves in channels with bank vegetation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 122, 583–586 (1996)
Ackers, P. Hydraulic Design of Straight Compound Channels, Technical Report, HR Wallingford, 1–139 (1991)
Rameshwaran, P. and Shiono, K. Quasi two-dimensional model for straight overbank flows through emergent vegetation on floodplains. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 45, 302–315 (2007)
Knight, D. W. and Sellin, R. H. J. The SERC flood channel facility. Journal of Institution Water Environment and Management, 1, 198–204 (1987)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51279117 and 11072161), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (No.NCET-13-0393), and the National Science and Technology Ministry of China (No. 2012BAB05B02)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, C., Liu, Xn. & Yang, Kj. Predictive model for stage-discharge curve in compound channels with vegetated floodplains. Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed. 35, 1495–1508 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-014-1884-6
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-014-1884-6