Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Cultivable yeasts associated with marine sponges in the Gulf of Thailand, South China Sea

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Marine sponges harbor numerous microorganisms, among which sponge-associated yeasts are the least explored. To gain greater knowledge of sponge-associated yeasts, an investigation was therefore performed on marine sponges in Sattahip Bay, Gulf of Thailand, South China Sea. Seventy-one (71) marine sponge samples were collected at sites near Samae-san, Mu, and Khram islands, and were subsequently identified as 17 sponge species in 14 genera. Eighty-seven (87) yeast strains were isolated from 42 samples. The identification of yeasts by similarity analysis of the D1/D2 domain sequences of the large subunit rRNA gene revealed that 64% of the yeast strains obtained belonged to the phylum Basidiomycota, while the remaining strains belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The strains that belonged to Ascomycota comprised 11 known yeast species in five genera (Candida, Kodamaea, Magnusiomyces, Meyerozyma, and Pichia). The strains belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota comprised 14 known yeast species in eight genera (Cutaneotrichosporon, Cystobasidium, Naganishia, Papiliotrema, Rhodosporidiobolus, Rhodotorula, Trichosporon, and Vishniacozyma). In addition, three strains represented a potential novel species closest to Cys. slooffiae; one strain represented a potential novel species closest to R. toruloides; and one strain represented a potential novel species closest to V. foliicola. The species with the highest occurrence was Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. No marked difference was found in the principal coordinates analysis of the ordinations of yeast communities from the three sampling sites. The estimation using EstimateS software showed that the expected species richness was higher than the observed species richness. As the marine sponge–yeast association remains unclear, more systematic investigations should be carried out.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bell JJ, Barnes DKA (2000) A sponge diversity centre within a marine ‘island.’ Hydrobiologia 440:55–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgaud G, Arzur D, Durand L, Cambon-Bonavita MA, Barbier G (2010) Marine culturable yeasts in deep-sea hydrothermal vents: Species richness and association with fauna. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 73:121–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butinar L, Santos S, Spencer-Martins I, Oren A, Gunde-Cimerman N (2005) Yeast diversity in hypersaline habitats. FEMS Microbiol Lett 244:229–234

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Calabon MS, Sadaba RB, Campos WL (2019) Fungal diversity of mangrove-associated sponges from New Washington, Aklan, Philippines. Mycology 10:6–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YS, Yanagida F, Chen LY (2009) Isolation of marine yeasts from coastal waters of northeastern Taiwan. Aquat Biol 8:55–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Chi Z, Liu GL, Lu Y, Jiang H, Chi ZM (2016) Bio-products produced by marine yeasts and their potential applications. Bioresour Technol 202:244–252

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colwell R (2006) EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 8.2. User’s Guide and Application. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/EstimateS. Accessed 27 March 2020

  • Demerdash AEl, Atanasov AG, Bishayee A, Abdel-Mogib M, Hooper JNA, Al-Mourabit A (2018) Batzella, Crambe and Monanchora: Highly prolific marine sponge genera yielding compounds with potential applications for cancer and other therapeutic areas. Nutrients 10:33. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010033

  • Duarte AWF, Dayo-Owoyemi I, Nobre FS, Pagnocca FC, Chaud LCS, Pessoa A, Felipe MGA, Sette LD (2013) Taxonomic assessment and enzymes production by yeasts isolated from marine and terrestrial Antarctic samples. Extremophiles 17:1023–1035

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fell JW, Boekhout T, Fonseca A, Scorzetti G, Statzell-Tallman A (2000) Biodiversity and systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts as determined by large-subunit rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:1351–1371

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gadanho M, Sampaio JP (2005) Occurrence and diversity of yeasts in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal fields near the Azores archipelago. Microb Ecol 50:408–417

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gadanho M, Almeida JMF, Sampaio JP (2003) Assessment of yeast diversity in a marine environment in the south of Portugal by microsatellite-primed PCR. A van Leeuwenhoek 84:217–227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galstoff PS (1942) Wasting disease causing mortality of sponges in the West Indies and Gulf of Mexico. In: Proceedings of the eighth American science congress, vol 3, pp 411–412

  • Gao Z, Li B, Zheng C, Wang G (2008) Molecular detection of fungal communities in the Hawaiian marine sponges Suberites zeteki and Mycale armata. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:6091–6101

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Godinho VM, de Paula MTR, Silva DAS, Paresque K, Martins AP, Colepicolo P, Rosa CA, Rosa LH (2019) Diversity and distribution of hidden cultivable fungi associated with marine animals of Antarctica. Fungal Biol 123:507–516

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gotelli NJ, Colwell RK (2011) Estimating Species Richness. Biological diversity: frontiers in measurement and assessment. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 39–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Gümral R, Ozhak-Baysan B, Tümgor A, Saraclí MA, Yíldíran ST, Ilkit M, Zupančič J, Novak Babič M, Gunde-Cimerman N, Zalar P, de Hoog GS (2016) Dishwashers provide a selective extreme environment for human-opportunistic yeast-like fungi. Fungal Divers 76:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol Electron 4:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Hentschel U, Hopke J, Horn J, Friedrich A, Wagner M, Hacker J, Moore BS (2002) Molecular evidence for a uniform microbial community in sponges from different oceans. Appl Envir Microbiol 68:4431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hentschel U, Usher KM, Taylor MW (2006) Marine sponges as microbial fermenters. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 55:167–177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang CH, Lee FL, Tien CJ, Hsieh PW (2011) Rhodotorula taiwanensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species from a plant in Taiwan. A van Leeuwenhoek 99:297–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Into P, Potes A, Sampaio JP, Limtong S (2020) Yeast diversity associated with the phylloplane of corn plants cultivated in Thailand. Microorganisms 8:80. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010080

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang S, Sun W, Chen M, Dai S, Zhang L, Liu Y, Lee KJ, Li X (2007) Diversity of culturable actinobacteria isolated from marine sponge Haliclona sp. A van Leeuwenhoek 92:405–416

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaewkrajay C, Chanmethakul T, Limtong S (2020) Assessment of diversity of culturable marine yeasts associated with corals and zoanthids in the Gulf of Thailand. South China Sea. Microorganisms 8:474. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khunnamwong P, Jindamorakot S, Limtong S (2018) Endophytic yeasts diversity in leaf tissue of rice, corn and sugarcane cultivated in Thailand assessed by a culture-dependent approach. Fungal Biol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2018.04.006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura MA (1980) simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiran GS, Sekar S, Ramasamy P, Thinesh T, Hassan S, Lipton AN, Ninawe AS, Selvin J (2018) Marine sponge microbial association: Towards disclosing unique symbiotic interactions. Mar Environ Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870–1874

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kunthiphun S, Chokreansukchai P, Hondee P, Tanasupawat S, Savarajara A (2018) Diversity and characterization of cultivable oleaginous yeasts isolated from mangrove forests. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 34:125

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Robnett CJ (1998) Identification and phylogeny of ascomycetous yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA partial sequences. A van Leeuwenhoek 73:331–371

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman CP, Fell JW, Boekhout T (2011) The yeast a taxonomic study, 5th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutty SN, Philip R (2008) Marine yeasts—a review. Yeast 25:465–483

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lages F, Silva-Graca M, Lucas A (1999) Active glycerol uptake is a mechanism underlying halotolerance in yeasts: a study of 42 species. Microbiology 145:2577–2585

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lahav R, Fareleira P, Nejidat A, Abeliovich A (2002) The identification and characterization of osmotolerant yeast isolates from chemical wastewater evaporation ponds. Microb Ecol 43:338–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Laich F, Chávez R, Vaca I (2014) Leucosporidium escuderoi f.a., sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast associated with an Antarctic marine sponge. A van Leeuwenhoek 105:593–601

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Z (2019) Sponge and coral microbiomes. In: Li Z (ed) Symbiotic microbiomes of coral reefs sponges and corals. Springer, Berlin, pp 17–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Li Q, Wang G (2009) Diversity of fungal isolates from three Hawaiian marine sponges. Microbiol Res 164:233–241

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Ye D, Chen X, Lu X, Shao Z, Zhang H, Che Y (2009) Breviane spiroditerpenoids from an extreme-tolerant Penicillium sp. isolated from a deep sea sediment sample. J Nat Prod 75:912–916

    Google Scholar 

  • Limtong S, Yongmanitchai W, Tun MM, Kawasaki H, Seki T (2007) Kazachstania siamensis sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species from forest soil in Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:419–422

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Limtong S, Kaewwichian R, Yongmanitchai W, Kawasaki H (2014) Diversity of culturable yeasts in phylloplane of sugarcane in Thailand and their capability to produce indole-3-acetic acid. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 30:1785–1796

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu WC, Li CQ, Zhu P, Yang JL, Cheng KD (2010) Phylogenetic diversity of culturable fungi associated with two marine sponges: Haliclona simulans and Gelliodes carnosa, collected from the Hainan Island coastal waters of the South China Sea. Fungal Divers 42:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Loureiro STA, de Queiroz-Cavalcanti MA, Neves RP, de Oliveira-Passavante JZ (2005) Yeasts isolated from sand and sea water in beaches of Olinda, Pernambuco state, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 36:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Maldonado M, Cortadellas N, Trillas MI, Ruetzler K (2005) Endosymbiotic yeast maternally 851 transmitted in a marine sponge. Biol Bull 209:94–106

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre FD, Drewery J, Eerkes-Medrano D, Neat FC (2016) Distribution and diversity of deep-sea sponge grounds on the Rosemary Bank Seamount NE Atlantic. Mar Biol 163:143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-016-2913-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagano Y, Nagahama T, Hatada Y, Nonoura T, Takami H, Miyazaki J, Takai K, Horikoshi K (2010) Fungal diversity in deep-sea sediments—the presence of novel fungal groups. Fungal Ecol 3:316–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Naim MA, Smidt H, Sipkema D (2017) Fungi found in Mediterranean and North Sea sponges: How specific are they? PeerJ 5:e3722

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nakase T, Jindamorakot S, Am-In S, Ninomiya S, Kawasaki H, Limtong S (2009) Candida nonsorbophila sp. nov., a new ascomycetous yeast species isolated in Thailand. FEMS Yeast Res 9:663–667

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Norkrans B (1966) Studies on marine occurring yeasts: growth related to pH, NaCl concentration and temperature. Arch Mikrobiol 54:374–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagnocca FC, Mendonca-Hagler LC, Hagler AN (1989) Yeasts associated with the white shrimp Penaeus schmitti, sediment and water of Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Yeast 5:5479–5483

    Google Scholar 

  • Papadakis JS, Mavridou A, Richardson SC, Lamprini M, Marcelou U (1997) Bather-related microbial and yeast populations in sand and seawater. Water Res 31:799–804

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Passarini MR, Miqueletto PB, de Oliveira VM, Sette LD (2014) Molecular diversity of fungal and bacterial communities in the marine sponge Dragmacidon reticulatum. J Basic Microbiol 55:207–220

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulino GVB, Félix CR, Broetto L, Landell MF (2017) Diversity of culturable yeasts associated with zoanthids from Brazilian reef and its relation with anthropogenic disturbance. Mar Pollut Bull 123:253–260

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phaff HJ, Mrak EM, Williams OB (1952) Yeasts isolated from shrimp. Mycologia 44:431–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Pile AJ, Patterson MR, Witman JD (1996) In situ grazing on plankton < 10 um by the boreal sponge Mycale lingua. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 141:95–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Poli A, Vizzini A, Prigione V, Varese GC (2018) Basidiomycota isolated from the Mediterranean Sea-Phylogeny and putative ecological roles. Fungal Ecol 36:51–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Prabhakaran N, Gupta R (1991) Yeasts from the sediment samples of the EEZ along the southwest coast of India. J Mar Biol Assoc India 33:455

    Google Scholar 

  • Putchakarn S (2007) Species diversity of marine sponges dwelling in coral reefs in Had Khanom—Mo Ko Thale Tai National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand. J Mar Biolog Assoc UK 87:1635–1642

    Google Scholar 

  • Rédou V, Navarri M, Meslet-Cladieŕe L, Barbier G, Burgaud G (2015) Species richness and adaptation of marine fungi from deep-subseafloor sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:3571–3583

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Reiswig HM (1974) Water transport respiration and energetics of 3 tropical marine sponges. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 14:231–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Barba JL, Maldonado A, Jiménez-Díaz R (2005) Small-scale total DNA extraction from bacteria and yeast for PCR applications. Anal Biochem 347:333–335

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samson RA, Hoekstra ES, Frisvad JC, Filtenborg O (2000) Introduction to food- and airborne fungi. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, p 389

    Google Scholar 

  • Satianpakiranakorn P, Khunnamwong P, Limtong S (2020) Yeast communities of secondary peat swamp forests in Thailand and their antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens cause of plant and postharvest fruit diseases. PLoS ONE 15(3):e0230269. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230269

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Selvin J, Ninawe AS, Kiran GS, Lipton AP (2010) Sponge-microbial interactions: ecological implications and bioprospecting avenues. Crit Rev Microbiol 36:82–90

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seshadri R, Sieburth J (1971) Cultural estimation of yeasts on seaweeds. Appl Microbiol 22:507–512

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Simister RL, Deines P, Botté ES, Nicole S, Webster NS, Taylor MW (2012) Sponge-specific clusters revisited: a comprehensive phylogeny of sponge-associated microorganisms. Environ Microbiol 14:517–524

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Raghukumar C, Meena RM, Verma P, Shouche Y (2012) Fungal diversity in deep sea sediments revealed by culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. Fungal Ecol 5:543–553

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks AK (1985) Synopsis of invertebrate pathology: exclusive of insects. Elsevier, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Srisuk N, Nutaratat P, Surussawadee J, Limtong S (2019) Yeast communities in sugarcane phylloplane. Microbiology 88:353–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugita T, Nakase T (1998) Trichosporon japonicum sp. nov. isolated from the air. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:1425–1429

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiyama Y, Ito Y, Suzuki M, Hirota A (2009) Indole derivatives from a marine sponge-derived yeast as DPPH radical scavengers. J Nat Prod 72:2069–2071

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sweih NAl, Ahmad S, Khan S, Khan Z, Joseph L, Vayalil S, Chandy R (2017) Persistent Candida conglobata bloodstream infection in a preterm neonate successfully treated by combination therapy with amphotericin B and caspofungin. J Mycol Med 27:271–276

  • Taylor MW, Radax R, Steger D, Wagner M (2007) Sponge associated microorganisms: evolution, ecology, and biotechnological potential. Microbiol Molec Biol Rev 71:295–347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thakur NL, Muller WEG (2004) Biotechnological potential of marine sponges. Curr Sci 86:1506–1512

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trautman DA, Hinde R (2001) Sponge/algal symbioses: a diversity of associations, In: Seckbach J (ed) Cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology, vol. 4. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 521–537

  • Vaca I, Faúndez C, Maza F, Paillavil B, Hernández V, Acosta F, Levicán G, Martínez C, Chávez R (2013) Cultivable psychrotolerant yeasts associated with Antarctic marine sponges. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29:183–189

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vacelet J (1975) Electron microscope study of the association between bacteria and sponges of the genus Verongia Dictyoceratida. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 23:271–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Vacelet J, Donadey C (1977) Electron microscope study of the association between some sponges and bacteria. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 30:301–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Vacelet J, Vacelet E, Gaino E, Gallissian MF (1994) Bacterial attach of sponging skeleton during the 1986–1990 Mediterranean sponge disease. In: van Soest RWM, van Kempen TMG, Braekman JC (eds) Sponges in time and space. Rotterdam, AA Balkema p, pp 355–362

    Google Scholar 

  • van Soest RWM, Boury-Esnault N, Hooper JNA, Rützler K, de Voogd NJ, Alvarez B, Hajdu E, Pisera AB, Manconi R, Schönberg C, Klautau M, Kelly M, Vacelet J, Dohrmann M, Díaz MC, Cárdenas P, Carballo JL, Ríos P, Downey R, Morrow CC (2020) World Porifera Database. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera. Accessed 31 March 2020

  • van Uden N, Fell JW (1968) Marine yeasts Adv Microbiol Sea 1:167–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Viyakarn V, Chavanich S, Heery E, Raksasab C (2020) Distribution of sea cucumbers, Holothuria atra, on reefs in the upper Gulf of Thailand and the effect of their population dinsities on sediment microalgal productivity. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 235:106514

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel S (1977) Current-induced flow through living sponges in nature. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:2069–2071

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel C, Rogerson A, Schatz S, Laubach H, Tallman A, Fell J (2007) Prevalence of yeasts in beach sand at three bathing beaches in South Florida. Water Res 41:1915–1920

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor JW (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, pp 315–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilborn R, Rooper CN, Goddard P, Li L, Williams K, Towler R (2018) The potential effects of substrate type, currents, depth and fishing pressure on distribution, abundance, diversity, and height of cold-water corals and sponges in temperate, marine waters. Hydrobiologia 811:251–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu W, Pang KL, Luo ZH (2014) High fungal diversity and abundance recovered in the deep-sea sediments of the Pacific Ocean. Microb Ecol 68:688–698

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang SP, Wu ZH, Jian JC (2011) Distribution of marine red yeasts in shrimps and the environments of shrimp culture. Curr Microbiol 62:1638–1642

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zalar P, Novak M, de Hoog GS, Gunde-Cimerman N (2011) Dishwashers—a man-made ecological niche accommodating human opportunistic fungal pathogens. Fungal Biol 115:997–1007

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Hua M, Song C, Chi Z (2012) Occurrence and diversity of marine yeasts in Antarctica environments. J Ocean Univ China 11:70–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XY, Tang GL, Xu XY, Nong XH, Qi SH (2014) Insights into deep-sea sediment fungal communities from the East Indian Ocean using targeted environmental sequencing combined with traditional cultivation. PLoS ONE 9:e109118

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zu P, Li Q, Wang G (2008) Unique microbial signatures of the alien Hawaiian marine sponge Suberites zeteki. Microb Ecol 55:406–414

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Plant Genetic Conservation Project under the Royal Initiative of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn for supporting marine organism collection.

Funding

This research was funded by the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) through a TRF Team Promotion Grant (RTA 6080004).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Lad Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand

    Chutima Kaewkrajay & Savitree Limtong

  2. Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya Rajabhat University, Phranakhon Si Ayutthaya, 13000, Thailand

    Chutima Kaewkrajay

  3. Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Saensook, Mueang, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand

    Sumaitt Putchakarn

  4. Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand

    Savitree Limtong

Authors
  1. Chutima Kaewkrajay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sumaitt Putchakarn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Savitree Limtong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

C.K.: Performed research and wrote the paper, S.P.: Performed research, S.L.: Designed study, data discussion and wrote the paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Savitree Limtong.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. The Thailand Animal Science Act 2015 defines animals as not including marine sponges.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kaewkrajay, C., Putchakarn, S. & Limtong, S. Cultivable yeasts associated with marine sponges in the Gulf of Thailand, South China Sea. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 114, 253–274 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01518-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01518-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation