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Measuring Antiretroviral Adherence Among Young People Living with HIV: Observations from a Real-Time Monitoring Device Versus Self-report

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Abstract

This report compares self-report (SR) antiretroviral (ARV) adherence data to adherence data collected via Wisepill, a real-time electronic monitoring (EM) device, among young people living with HIV (YPLH) in the southern United States. Participants (n = 66; ages 16 to 26) were followed for 14 weeks. Descriptive analyses were used to compare SR to EM data. Correlations and a linear regression were conducted to explore factors possibly associated with SR-EM discrepancies. We also examined associations between various levels of SR and EM adherence and viral suppression/non-suppression at 14 weeks. Rates of SR adherence were maintained between 87% and 92% while rates of EM adherence declined from 64% to 34%. YPLH who were ARV-experienced, had lower treatment motivation, and reported more frequent recent marijuana use, had a greater discrepancy between their SR and EM adherence levels compared to other YPLH. Higher rates of SR and EM adherence were independently associated with a decline in viral load. A sensitivity analysis also revealed that SR adherence was a better predictor of viral non-suppression, whereas EM adherence was a better predictor of viral suppression. These measurement approaches are discussed in the context of providing clinical care to YPLH.

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Acknowledgements

Research reported in this report was supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD074846), the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (T32MH078788), and the Providence/Boston Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) (P30AI042853).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bradley/Hasboro Children’s Research Center, 167 Point Street, Suite 161, Providence, RI, 02903, USA

    Lacey Craker, Nicholas Tarantino & Larry Brown

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Laura Whiteley & Larry Brown

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  1. Lacey Craker
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  2. Nicholas Tarantino
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  3. Laura Whiteley
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  4. Larry Brown
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Correspondence to Larry Brown.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Craker, L., Tarantino, N., Whiteley, L. et al. Measuring Antiretroviral Adherence Among Young People Living with HIV: Observations from a Real-Time Monitoring Device Versus Self-report. AIDS Behav 23, 2138–2145 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02448-1

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