Abstract
A complex product structure on a manifold is an appropriate combination of a complex structure and a product structure. The existence of such a structure determines many interesting properties of the underlying manifold, notably that the manifold admits a pair of complementary foliations whose leaves carry affine structures. This is due to the existence of a unique torsion-free connection which preserves both the complex and the product structure; this connection is not necessarily flat. We study the existence of complex product structures on tangent bundles of smooth manifolds, and we investigate the structure of manifolds admitting a complex product structure and a compatible hypersymplectic metric, showing that the foliations mentioned earlier are either symplectic or Lagrangian, depending on the symplectic form under consideration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alekseevsky, D. and Marchiafava, S.: Quaternionic structures on a manifold and subordinated structures, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. 171(4) (1996), 205–273.
Andrada, A.: Estructuras producto complejas y métricas hipersimplécticas asociadas, PhD Thesis, FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, 2003.
Andrada, A. and Salamon, S.: Complex product structures on Lie algebras, to appear in Forum Math.
Auslander, L. and Markus, L.: Holonomy of flat affinely connected manifolds, Ann. Math. 62 (1955), 139–151.
Balashchenko, V.: Naturally reductive almost product manifolds, In: Differential Geometry and Applications (Brno, 1998), Masaryk University, Brno, 1999, pp. 13–21.
Blazic, N. and Vukmirović, S.: Four-dimensional Lie algebras with para-hypercomplex structures. Preprint, arXiv:math.DG/0310180.
Carvalho, M., Helayël-Neto, J. and de Oliveira, M.: Locally product structures and supersymmetry, Lett. Math. Phys. 64 (2003), 93–104.
Cruceanu, V.: Une structure parakählérienne sur le fibré tangent, Tensor N. S. 39 (1982), 81–84.
Coll, B. and Ferrando, J.: Almost-product structures in relativity, In: Recent Developments in Gravitation (Barcelona, 1989), World Scientific, Teaneck, NJ, 1990, pp. 338–341.
Cruceanu, V., Fortuny, P. and Gadea, P. M.: A survey on paracomplex geometry, Rocky Mountain J. Math. 26 (1996), 83–115.
Dancer, A. and Swann, A.: Toric hypersymplectic quotients. Preprint, arXiv:math.DG/0404547.
de León, M. and Martìn de Diego, D.: Almost product structures in mechanics, In: Differential Geometry and Applications (Brno, 1995), Masaryk University, Brno, 1996, pp. 539–548.
Dombrowski, P.: On the geometry of the tangent bundle, J. Reine Angew. Math 210 (1962), 73–88.
Etayo, F. and Santamarìa, R.: The canonical connection of a bi-Lagrangian manifold, J. Phys. A Math. Gen. 34 (2001), 981–987.
Feix, B.: Hypercomplex manifolds and hyperholomorphic bundles, Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 133 (2002), 443–457.
Gray, A.: Pseudo-Riemannian almost product manifolds and submersions, J. Math. Mech. 16 (1967), 715–737.
Gray, A. and Hervella, L.: The sixteen classes of almost-hermitian manifolds and their linear invariants, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. IV Ser. 123 (1980), 35–58.
Gil-Medrano, O.: Geometric properties of some classes of Riemannian almost-product manifolds, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo 32(2) (1983), 315–329.
Hitchin, N.: Hypersymplectic quotients, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino. cl. Sci. Fis. Mat. Natur. 124 (1990), 169–180.
Ivanov, S. and Zamkovoy, S.: Para-hermitian and para-quaternionic manifolds, Preprint, arXiv:math.DG/0310415.
Joyce, D.: Manifolds with many complex structures, Quart. J. Math. Oxford 46(2) (1995), 169–184.
Kamada, H.: Neutral hyperkähler structures on primary Kodaira surfaces, Tsukuba J. Math. 23 (1999), 321–332.
Kaneyuki, S. and Kozai, M.: Paracomplex structures and affine symmetric spaces, Tokyo J. Math. 8 (1985), 81–98.
Kaneyuki, S.: Homogeneous symplectic manifolds and dipolarizations in Lie algebras, Tokyo J. Math. 15 (1992), 313–325.
Kobayashi, S. and Nomizu, K.: Foundations of Differential Geometry, Vol. II, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1969.
Libermann, P.: Sur le problème d’équivalence de certains structures infinitesimales, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. 36 (1954), 27–120.
Meumertzheim, T.: De Rham decomposition of affinely connected manifolds, Manuscripta Math. 66 (1990), 413–429.
Milnor, J.: On fundamental groups of complete affinely flat manifolds, Adv. Math. 25 (1977), 178–187.
Miquel, V.: Some examples of Riemannian almost-product manifolds, Pacific J. Math. 111 (1984), 163–178.
Montesinos, A.: On certain classes of almost product structures, Michigan Math. J. 30 (1983), 31–36.
Naveira, A.: A classification of Riemannian almost-product manifolds, Rend. Mat. 3(7) (1983), 577–592.
Obata, M.: Affine connections on manifolds with almost complex, quaternion or hermitian structure, Japan J. Math. 26 (1956), 43–77.
Sommese, A.: Quaternionic manifolds, Math. Ann. 212 (1975), 191–214.
Vukmirović, S.: Paraquaternionic reduction, Preprint, arXiv:math.DG/0304424.
Walker, A.: Almost-product structures, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math. 3 (1961), 94–100.
Yano, K.: Affine connexions in an almost product space, Kodai Math. Sem. Rep. 11 (1959), 1–24.
Yano, K. and Ako, M.: Almost quaternion structures of the second kind and almost tangent structures, Kodai Math. Sem. Rep. 25 (1973), 63–94.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andrada, A. Complex Product Structures and Affine Foliations. Ann Glob Anal Geom 27, 377–405 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10455-005-3897-y
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10455-005-3897-y