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Comparison of community composition between Microcystis colony-attached and free-living bacteria, and among bacteria attached with Microcystis colonies of various sizes in culture

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Abstract

A better understanding of the distribution pattern of bacterial community in the Microcystis phycosphere will aid in elucidating the role of bacteria in the formation of cyanobacterial bloom. In the present study, we aimed to compare community composition between Microcystis colony-attached and free-living bacteria, as well as among bacteria attached with Microcystis colonies of various sizes in culture. In the exponentially growing cyanobacterial cultures, Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in each colony-attached bacterial community, whereas Bacteroidetes was the most dominant phylum in each free-living bacterial community. The analysis using an indirect PCA model and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index indicated that the dissimilarity between colony-attached and free-living bacterial communities was greater in the exponentially growing cyanobacterial cultures, and it became smaller in the stationary cultures of Microcystis. In the exponential growth phase of Microcystis, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in colony-attached bacterial communities tended to decrease with decreasing colony size, whereas the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in colony-attached bacterial communities tended to increase. In the exponential growth phase of Microcystis, the community composition dissimilarity among bacteria attached with Microcystis colonies of various sizes could be ranked in a descending order as follows: > 100 µm versus < 50 µm; 50–100 µm versus < 50 µm; and > 100 µm versus 50–100 µm. Our data indicated that the community composition of Microcystis colony-attached bacteria was different from that of free-living bacteria, and the colony size of Microcystis played an important role in structuring the community composition of Microcystis-attached bacteria.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31270447).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China

    Qiang Wu, Yapeng Zhang, Yemei Li, Jing Li, Xiaohong Zhang & Pengfu Li

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  1. Qiang Wu
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Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 24 kb)

Fig. S1

Colony surface areas of M. aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae and M. wesenbergii in the exponential and stationary phase. Each point represents mean ± standard deviation (n = 3) (TIFF 1351 kb)

Fig. S2

Epifluorescence microscopy of the bacteria attached to the Microcystis colony stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 10 µm. White arrows indicate some bacterial cells (TIFF 5625 kb)

Fig. S3

Light (a) and epifluorescence (b) microscopy of an inorganic particle from the cyanobacterial culture stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 10 µm. The inorganic particle is indicated by white arrow. No fluorescence dot was observed in the epifluorescence microscopy (TIFF 1531 kb)

Fig. S4

Rarefaction curves based on OTUs (a) and Shannon index (b) for both colony-attached and free-living bacterial communities in the exponential (1) and stationary (2) cyanobacterial cultures. MA, M. aeruginosa; MF, M. flos-aquae; MW, M. wesenbergii; CA, colony-attached bacteria; FL, free-living bacteria (TIFF 12,859 kb)

Fig. S5

Rarefaction curves based on OTUs (a) and Shannon index (b) for bacteria attached with Microcystis colonies of various sizes in the exponential (1) and stationary (2) cyanobacterial cultures. MA, M. aeruginosa; MF, M. flos-aquae; MW, M. wesenbergii (TIFF 10,962 kb)

Fig. S6

Phylogenetic composition of Proteobacteria in colony-attached and free-living bacterial communities. MA, M. aeruginosa; MF, M. flos-aquae; MW, M. wesenbergii; CA, colony-attached bacteria; FL, free-living bacteria (TIFF 6015 kb)

Fig. S7

Phylogenetic composition of Alphaproteobacteria in colony-attached and free-living bacterial communities. MA, M. aeruginosa; MF, M. flos-aquae; MW, M. wesenbergii; CA, colony-attached bacteria; FL, free-living bacteria (TIFF 6079 kb)

Fig. S8

The dissimilarity between colony-attached and free-living bacteria at the OTU level based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index (TIFF 4526 kb)

Fig. S9

Relative abundance of the classes found in the bacterial communities attached with Microcystis colonies of various sizes. The classes at relative abundance of < 1% were included in others. MA, M. aeruginosa; MF, M. flos-aquae; MW, M. wesenbergii. Microcystis colonies with size of > 100 µm, 50–100 µm and < 50 µm are represented by b, m and s, respectively (TIFF 9801 kb)

Fig. S10

The dissimilarity among bacterial communities attached with Microcystis colonies of various sizes at the OTU level based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index. MA, M. aeruginosa; MF, M. flos-aquae; MW, M. wesenbergii (TIFF 8735 kb)

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Wu, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, Y. et al. Comparison of community composition between Microcystis colony-attached and free-living bacteria, and among bacteria attached with Microcystis colonies of various sizes in culture. Aquat Ecol 53, 465–481 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-019-09702-7

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