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A Diaper Pad for Diaper-Based Urine Collection and Colorimetric Screening of Urinary Biomarkers

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Abstract

The high prevalence of urinary tract infection in aging adults is a challenging aspect of geriatric care. Incontinence and cognitive/functional impairment make collection of urine samples difficult and often require either catheterization for sample collection, which is a risk factor for infections, or more lenient criteria for initiating antibiotic treatment. We report the development of a diaper inlay with absorbent materials, superabsorbent polymer-based valve and chemical reaction pads for rapid screening of urinary tract infection of incontinent diaper-wearing elderly receivers of home care services. The developed diaper inlay was capable of collecting, isolating, analyzing samples and retaining results > 8 h. The diaper inlay can therefore be compatible with the diaper changing routines of nurses in home care services, without requiring much time or effort. A nurse can insert a diaper inlay in a diaper and the results can be recorded during a later diaper change. Although the research focuses on tools for home care services, the nursing home sector has similar problems and may benefit from technological development for rapid screening to avoid unnecessary catheterization and overuse of antibiotics.

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Acknowledgment

Research supported by: RFF Oslofjordfond projects: (1) Touchsensor for enklere og raskere urinprøvetaking og analyse, no. 234972, (2) Disruptiv Innovasjon for Vannovervåking - Forbedring i Styringen av Vannkvalitet, no. 272037, (3) Papirbasert kolorimetrisk sensorsystem med integrert polymer-lyskilder og -detektorer for kvantitativ deteksjon av biomarkører i spytt, no. 249017, (4) Mikro/nano-strukturerte overflater for in situ evaporeringskjøling ved krevende no. 258902, (5) Analyse av biomarkører i urin med et avansert kolorimetrisk biosensorinnlegg, no. 255893, (6) Smart-tøy for eldreomsorg: Oppfølging av fysiske aktiviteter og overvåkning av fysiologisk status i sanntid, no. 260586. RFF Hovedstaden: Biologisk Vannalarmsystem for å styrke offentlig vannkvalitets-styring No. 273869. Research Council of Norway projects: (1) FORNY2020: SENS-U: Et nytt og tidsbesparende produkt for prøvetaking og analyse av urin i bleie no. 268481, (2) NANO2021, no. 263783. EU Erasmus + Capacity Building in Higher Education: Internationalised Master Degree Education in Nanoelectronics in Asian Universities, no. 573828-EPP-1-2016-1-BG-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP. National Natural Science Foundation of China: (1) no. 61531008, (2) no. 61550110253, (3) 61650410655, (4) 11702045. Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology: no. cstc2015jcyjBX0004. Chongqing Innovation Team of Universities and Colleges—Smart Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Application: No. CXTDX201601025. Chongqing Education Commission - Science and Technology Research Program: (1) No. KJ1600602, (2) No. KJ15006XX. Chongqing Science and Technology Commission - the Leader of Science and Technology Innovation: no. CSTCCXLJRC201702. The 13th Recruitment Program of Global Experts (known as “the Thousand Talents Plan”), the Recruitment Program for Innovative Talents Chinese government, Xinjiang University, Tao DONG.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Applied Micro-Nano Science and Technology - IAMNST, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Detection, Control and Integrated System, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan’an District, Chongqing, 400067, China

    Haakon Karlsen

  2. Institute of Microsystems, University College of Southeast Norway, 3184, Borre, Norway

    Haakon Karlsen & Tao Dong

  3. Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway

    Zhenhe Suo

  4. Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379, Oslo, Norway

    Zhenhe Suo

Authors
  1. Haakon Karlsen
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  2. Tao Dong
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  3. Zhenhe Suo
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Correspondence to Tao Dong.

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Associate Editor Tingrui Pan oversaw the review of this article.

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Karlsen, H., Dong, T. & Suo, Z. A Diaper Pad for Diaper-Based Urine Collection and Colorimetric Screening of Urinary Biomarkers. Ann Biomed Eng 46, 717–725 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-018-1996-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-018-1996-8

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