Abstract
In the present paper, the ground reaction force (GRF) acting on foot in slow squat was determined through a force measuring system, and at the same time, the kinematic data of human squat were obtained by analyzing the photographed image sequences. According to the height and body weight, six healthy volunteers were selected, three men in one group and the other three women in another group, and the fundamental parameters of subjects were recorded, including body weight, height and age, etc. Based on the anatomy characteristics, some markers were placed on the right side of joints. While the subject squatted at slow speed on the force platform, the ground reaction forces on the forefoot and heel for each foot were obtained through calibrated force platform. The analysis results show that the reaction force on heel is greater than that on forefoot, and double feet have nearly constant force. Moreover, from processing and analyzing the synchronously photographed image sequences in squat, the kinematic data of human squat were acquired, including mainly the curves of angle, angular velocity and angular acceleration varied with time for knee, hip and ankle joints in a sagittal plane. The obtained results can offer instructive reference for photographing and analyzing the movements of human bodies, diagnosing some diseases, and establishing in the future appropriate mathematical models for the human motion.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wang, M.X., Yu, G.R.: Research advance of pressure analysis for normal foot. The Orthopedic Journal of China 14, 1722–1724 (2006)
Rosenbaum, D., Becker, H.P.: Plantar pressure distribution measurements: Technical background and clinical applications. J. Foot Ankle Surg. 3, 1–14 (1997)
Zhang, X., Lu, S.B.: The measurement and analysis of pressure of the bottom of the human foot. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 9, 108–115 (1994)
Mao, B.Y., Jia, X.W., Zheng, F.R., et al.: Research on the human foot pressure distribution of walking and standing. The Orthopedic Journal of China 10, 1211–1213 (2002)
Yuan, G., Zhang, M.X., Zhang, J.H., et al.: The measurement system of dynamic foot pressure and its clinical application. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation 2, 22–25 (2003)
Grieve, D.W., Rashdi, T.: Pressures under normal feet in standing and walking as measured by foil pedobarography. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 43, 816–818 (1984)
Harrison, A.J., Folland, J.P.: Investigation of gait protocols for plantar pressure measurement of non-pathological subjects using a dynamic pedobarograph. Gait Posture 6, 50–55 (1997)
Hughes, J., Clark, P., Jagoe, J.R., et al.: The pattern of pressure distribution under the weightbearing forefoot. The Foot 1, 117–124 (1991)
Cong, Y., Lee, W., Zhang, M.: Regional plantar foot pressure distributions on high-heeled shoes-shank curve effects. Acta Mechanica Sinica 27, 1091–1097 (2011)
Hao, W.Y., Chen, Y., Hu, S.Q.: Plantar pressure distributions of children during backward walking. Mechanics in Engineering 30, 56–59 (2008)
Armstrong, D.G., Lavery, L.A.: Elevated peak plantar pressures in patients who have charcot arthropathy. J. Bone Joint Sury. 80, 365–369 (1998)
Armstrong, D.G., Peters, E.J., Athanasiou K. A., et al.: Is there a critical level of plantar foot pressure to identify patients at risk for neuropathic foot ulceration? J. Foot Ankle Surg. 37, 303–307 (1998)
Stess, R. M., Jensen, S.R., Mirmiran, R.: The role of dynamic plantar pressures in diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care 20, 855–858 (1997)
Blomgren, M., Turan, I., Agadir, M.: Gait analyss in hallux valgus. J. Foot Surg. 30, 70–71 (1991)
Bryant, A., Tinley, P., Singer, K.: Plantar pressure distribution in normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet. The Foot 9, 115–119 (1999)
Bryant, A., Tinley, P., Singer K.: Radiographic measurements and plantar pressure distribution in normal, hallux valgus and hallux limitus feet. The Foot 10, 18–22 (2000)
Cavanagh, P. R., Morag, E., Boulton, A.J.M., et al.: The relationship of static foot structure to dynamic foot function. J. Biomech. 30, 243–250 (1997)
Morag, E., Cavanagh, P.R.: Structural and functional predic tors of regional peak pressures under the foot during walking. J. Biomech. 32, 359–370 (1999)
Guo, Y., Zhang, X.S., An, M.W., et al.: Determination of quadriceps forces in squat and its application in contact pressure analysis of knee joint. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 25, 53–60 (2012)
Willson, J.D., Kernozek, T.W.: Plantar loading and cadence alterations with fatigue. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31, 1828–1833 (1999)
Hayafune, N., Hayafune, Y., Jacob, A.C.: Pressure and force distribution characteristics under the normal foot during the push-off phase of gait. The Foot 9, 88–92 (1999)
Arangio, G.A., Phillippy, D.C., Xiao, D., et al.: Subtalar pronation-relationship to the medial longitudinal arch loading in the normal foot. Foot Ankle Int. 21, 216–220 (2000)
Wearing, S.C., Urry, S.R., Smeathers, J.E.: Ground reaction forces at discrete sites of the foot derived from pressure plate measurements. Foot Ankle Int. 8, 653–661 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10702048 and 11102126) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi (2010021004-1).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, XS., Guo, Y., An, MW. et al. Analysis of kinematic data and determination of ground reaction force of foot in slow squat. Acta Mech Sin 29, 143–148 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-013-0052-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-013-0052-z