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Sex-specific difference in age distribution of congenital lower eyelid epiblepharon in a Japanese population

  • Clinical Investigation
  • Published:
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To examine the sex-specific differences in age distribution of Japanese patients with congenital lower eyelid epiblepharon.

Study design

A retrospective, observational study.

Methods

A total of 291 patients (87 men, 204 women) who underwent modified Hotz for correction of congenital lower eyelid epiblepharon were included in this study. Data on sex, age at surgical intervention, and affected side were collected. Patients’ age was classified according to the orbital growth pattern (0-3 years, 4-6 years, 7-12 years, 13-15 years, and ≥ 16 years). The sex-specific difference in age distribution was analysed using Pearson’s chi-squared test.

Results

Among male patients, 75 (86.2%) underwent surgery during 4-12 years of age. Only 2 (2.3%) boys had surgery at 13-15 years and 1 had it while he was ≥ 16 years. Among female patients, 11 (5.4%) underwent surgery at 13-15 years and 59 (28.9%) at ≥ 16 years. The age distribution was significantly different between sexes (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Among patients aged ≥13 years, there were more women compared to men. This implies that congenital lower eyelid epiblepharon is more persistent in females and may reflect slower and less orbital growth from 13 years of age and onwards in females. The results suggest that as long as there are no severe corneal complications and no risk for amblyopia, conservative management may be a good option for males since spontaneous resolution is likely to occur. However, for females aged 13 years or more, the threshold for surgical intervention should be lower.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Yazako-Karimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan

    Ma. Regina Paula Valencia, Yasuhiro Takahashi & Hirohiko Kakizaki

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan

    Shunsuke Nakakura

Authors
  1. Ma. Regina Paula Valencia
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  2. Yasuhiro Takahashi
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  3. Shunsuke Nakakura
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  4. Hirohiko Kakizaki
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Contributions

All authors qualify for authorship based on contributions to the conception and design (YT and HK), acquisition of data (YT), literature search (MRPV and YT), and analyses and interpretation of data (MRPV, YT, SN, and HK). All authors contributed to drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yasuhiro Takahashi.

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Contributors

No one contributed to the work who did not meet our authorship criteria.

Conflicts of interest

M R. P. Valencia, None; Y. Takahashi, None; S. Nakakura, None; H. Kakizaki, None.

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Corresponding Author: Yasuhiro Takahashi

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Cite this article

Valencia, M.R.P., Takahashi, Y., Nakakura, S. et al. Sex-specific difference in age distribution of congenital lower eyelid epiblepharon in a Japanese population. Jpn J Ophthalmol 63, 425–428 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-019-00681-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-019-00681-8

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