Abstract
Purpose
The clinical course of reduced visual acuity, metamorphopsia, and aniseikonia are dissimilar in patients with an epiretinal membrane (ERM). We measured and compared the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), metamorphopsia, and aniseikonia of patients with ERM.
Methods
We measured metamorphopsia and aniseikonia horizontally as well as vertically with the M-CHART (MH and MV) and New Aniseikonia Test (NATH and NATV) in 61 patients with unilateral idiopathic ERM. We compared the BCVA with the other values. Comparisons between the MH and the NATV and between the MV and the NATH were performed, because the MH assesses vertical metamorphopsia, and the MV, horizontal metamorphopsia.
Results
BCVA was not significantly correlated with the other values (MH vs BCVA: P = .69; MV vs BCVA: P = .114; NATH vs BCVA: P = .656; NATV vs BCVA: P = .935). The MH and NATV magnitudes were significantly correlated, but the correlation coefficient was small (P = .007, r = 0.343); no significant correlation was found between the MV and NATH magnitudes (P = .065). We found patients with aniseikonia, but no metamorphopsia (n = 6), and more patients with metamorphopsia, but no aniseikonia (n = 11). Only 23 patients had coincident directions of metamorphopsia and aniseikonia.
Conclusions
The magnitudes of metamorphopsia and aniseikonia were not closely correlated and their directions did not coincide in most patients. Neither the M-CHARTS nor the NAT measurements correlated with the BCVA. Quantitative testing of metamorphopsia and aniseikonia in addition to that for BCVA is necessary to assess visual function in patients with ERM.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Matsumoto C, Arimura E, Okuyama S, Takada S, Hashimoto S, Shimomura Y. Quantification of metamorphopsia in patients with epiretinal membranes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:4012–6.
Kinoshita T, Imaizumi H, Okushiba U, Miyamoto H, Ogino T, Mitamura Y. Time course of changes in metamorphopsia, visual acuity, and OCT parameters after successful epiretinal membrane surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:3592–7.
Tachibana T, Yoshida S, Kobayashi Y, Nakama T, Ishikawa K, Sengoku A, et al. Differential improvement of vertical and horizontal metamorphopsia scores after epiretinal membrane vitrectomy with ILM peeling. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015;93(8):e681–2.
Nomoto H, Matsumoto C, Arimura E, Okuyama S, Takada S, Hashimoto S, et al. Quantification of changes in retinal contraction in eyes with spontaneous separation of idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Eye. 2013;27:924–30.
Okamoto F, Sugiura Y, Okamoto Y, Hiraoka T, Oshika T. Associations between metamorphopsia and foveal microstructure in patients with epiretinal membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:6770–5.
Watanabe A, Arimoto S, Nishi O. Correlation between metamorphopsia and epiretinal membrane optical coherence tomography findings. Opthalmology. 2009;116:1788–93.
Okamoto F, Sugiura Y, Okamoto Y, Hiraoka T, Oshika T. Inner nuclear layer thickness as a prognostic factor for metamorphopsia after epiretinal membrane surgery. Retina. 2015;10:2107–14.
Awaya S, Sugawara M, Horibe F, Torii F. The, “new aniseikonia tests” and its clinical applications [in Japanese]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1982;86:217–22.
Hisada H, Awaya S. Aniseikonia of central serous chorioretinopathy [in Japanese]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1992;96:369–74.
Ugarte M, Williamson TH. Aniseikonia associated with epiretinal membrane. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89:1576–80.
De Wit GC. Retinally-induced aniseikonia. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 2007;22:96–101.
Okamoto F, Sugiura Y, Okamoto Y, Hiroaka T, Oshika T. The time course of changes in aniseikonia and foveal microstructure after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:2255–60.
Enoch JM, Schwartz A, Chang D, Hirose H. Aniseikonia, metamorphopsia and perceived entoptic pattern: some effects of a macular epiretinal membrane, and the subsequent spontaneous separation of the membrane. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1995;4:339–43.
De Wit GC, Muraki CS. Field-dependent aniseikonia associated with epiretinal membrane: a case study. Ophthalmology. 2006;113:58–62.
Benegas NM, Egbert J, Engel WK, Kushner BJ. Diplopia secondary to aniseikonia associated with macular disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:896–9.
Michels RG. Vitrectomy for macular pucker. Ophthalmology. 1984;91:1384–8.
Michels RG. A clinical and histopathologic study of epiretinal membranes affecting the macula and removed by vitreous surgery. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1982;80:580–656.
Tanikawa A, Horiguchi M, Kondo M, Suzuki S, Terasaki H, Miyake Y. Abnormal focal macular electroretinograms in eyes with idiopathic epimacular membrane. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:559–64.
Hosoda Y, Ooto S, Hangai M, Oishi A, Yoshimura N. Foveal photoreceptor deformation as a significant predictor of postoperative visual outcome in idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:6387–93.
Watanabe A, Arimoto S, Nishi O. Correlation between metamorphopsia and epiretinal membrane optical coherence tomography findings. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1788–93.
Acknowledgements
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
A. Tanikawa, None; Y. Shimada, None; M. Horiguchi, None.
About this article
Cite this article
Tanikawa, A., Shimada, Y. & Horiguchi, M. Comparison of visual acuity, metamorphopsia, and aniseikonia in patients with an idiopathic epiretinal membrane. Jpn J Ophthalmol 62, 280–285 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-018-0581-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-018-0581-x