Abstract
On March 28, 2016, the toe zone of the apparently dormant Pergalla earthslide-earthflow (Northern Apennines, Italy) had a paroxysmal reactivation. In the course of 2 days, displacements up to almost 8 m severely damaged several houses and roads. At the bottom of the slope, the emersion of rotational sliding surfaces determined the uplift of almost 3 m of the Nure river streambed that was consequently partially dammed. The paper describes the landslide event on the basis of field surveys and analysis of post-event aerial photos, as well as data from geophysical surveys and pre- to post-failure displacement monitoring. It also discusses the possible concurrent causes of the event, including antecedent rainfall, the migration of active streambed channels of Nure river toward the landslide toe in the previous year, and the existence of long-term pre-failure slow movements. It is concluded that these factors, together with the presence of sliding surfaces extending beneath the valley floor, should be primarily considered if a preventive assessment of river damming potential due to streambed uplift should be made for other similar landslides in the Apennines.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bartarya SK, Sah MP (1995) Landslide induced river bed uplift in the Tal valley of Garhwal Himalaya, India. Geomorphology 12:109–121
Bayer B, Simoni A, Mulas M, Corsini A, Schmidt D (2018) Deformation responses of slow moving landslides to seasonal rainfall in the Northern Apennines, measured by InSAR. Geomorphology 308:293–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.02.020
Berti M, Simoni A (2012) Observation and analysis of near-surface pore-pressure measurements in clay-shales slopes. Hydrol Process 26:2187–2205
Bertolini G, Pizziolo M (2008) Risk assessment strategies for the reactivation of earth flows in the Northern Apennines (Italy). Eng Geol 102:178–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.03.017
Bertolini G, Guida M, Pizziolo M (2005) Landslides in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy): strategies for hazard assessment and risk management. Landslides 2:302–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-005-0020-1
Bertolini G, Corsini A, Tellini C 2017 Fingerprints of large-scale landslides in the landscape of the Emilia Apennines. In: Landscapes and Landforms of Italy. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham (ZG), pp. 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26194-2
Bollati IM, Pellegrini L, Rinaldi M, Duci G, Pelfini M (2014) Reach-scale morphological adjustments and stages of channel evolution: the case of the Trebbia River (northern Italy). Geomorphology 221:176–186
Borgatti L, Corsini A, Barbieri M, Sartini G, Truffelli G, Caputo G, Puglisi C (2006) Large reactivated landslides in weak rock masses: a case study from the Northern Apennines (Italy). Landslides 3:115–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-005-0033-9
Casagli N, Ermini L (1999) Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine. Trans Jpn Geomorphol 20(3):219–249
Ciccarese G, Corsini A, Pizziolo M, Truffelli G (2016) Debris flows in Val Nure and Val Trebbia (Northern Apennines) during the September 2015 alluvial event in Piacenza Province (Italy). Rend Online Soc Geol Ital 41:127–130. https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2016.110
Cigna F, Bianchini S, Casagli N (2013) How to assess landslide activity and intensity with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI): the PSI-based matrix approach. Landslides 10:267–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-012-0335-7
Corsini A, Farina P, Antonello G (2006) Space-borne and ground-based SAR interferometry as tools for landslide hazard management in civil protection. Int J Remote Sens 27(June):2351–2369. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600554405
Costa JE, Schuster RL (1988) The formation and failure of natural dams. Geol Soc Am Bull 100:1054–1068. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1054:TFAFON>2.3.CO;2
Di Dio G, Piccin A, Vercesi PL (2005) Note illustrative della Carta Geologica d’Italia alla scala 1:50.000, foglio 179 “Ponte dell’Olio”. APAT–Agenzia per la protezione dell’ambiente ed i servizi tecnici, Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo, Servizio Geologico d’Italia. http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/Media/carg/note_illustrative/179_PontedellOlio.pdf
Ermini L, Casagli N (2003) Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index. Earth Surf Process Landf 28:31–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.424
Iasio C, Novali F, Corsini A, Mulas M, Branzanti M, Benedetti E, Giannico C, Tamburini A, Mair V (2012) COSMO SkyMed high frequency - high resolution monitoring of an alpine slow landslide, Corvara in Badia, Northern Italy. In: 2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, pp. 7577–7580. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6351908
Micu M, Bǎlteanu D (2013) A deep-seated landslide dam in the Siriu Reservoir (Curvature Carpathians, Romania). Landslides 10(3):323–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0382-8
Mulas M, Petitta M, Corsini A, Schneiderbauer S, Mair V, Iasio C (2015) Long-term monitoring of a deep-seated, slow-moving landslide by mean of C-band and X-band advanced interferometric products: the Corvara in Badia case study (Dolomites, Italy). ISPRS Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci XL-7/W3:827–829. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-827-2015
Piacentini D, Troiani F, Daniele G, Pizziolo M (2018) Historical geospatial database for landslide analysis: the Catalogue of Landslide OCcurrences in the Emilia-Romagna Region (CLOCkER). Landslides 15:811–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-0962-8
PST-A (2002) Piano Straordinario di Telerilevamento Ambientale. Website: http://www.pcn.minambiente.it/GN/progetti/piano-straordinario-di-telerilevamento Consulted on the 09/07/2018
Regione Emilia-Romagna (2015) Carta Inventario delle frane e Archivio storico delle frane. Website: http://ambiente.regione.emilia-romagna.it/geologia/cartografia/webgis-banchedati/cartografia-dissesto-idrogeologico#accedi-alle-carte-inventario-delle-frane-nbsp-e-archivio-storico-delle-frane. Consulted on the 09/07/2018
Ronchetti F, Borgatti L, Cervi F, Lucente CC, Veneziano M, Corsini A (2007) The Valoria landslide reactivation in 2005–2006 (Northern Apennines, Italy). Landslides 4:189–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0073-9
Ronchetti F, Borgatti L, Cervi F, Gorgoni C, Piccinini L, Vincenzi V, Corsini A (2009) Groundwater processes in a complex landslide, northern Apennines, Italy. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 9:895–904. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-895-2009
Scaioni M, Longoni L, Melillo V, Papini M (2014) Remote sensing for landslide investigations: an overview of recent achievements and perspectives. Remote Sens 6:9600–9652. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6109600
Scorpio V, Crema S, Marra F, Righini M, Ciccarese G, Borga M, Cavalli M, Corsini A, Marchi L, Surian N, Comiti F (2018) Basin-scale analysis of the geomorphic effectiveness of flash floods: a study in the northern Apennines (Italy). Sci Total Environ 640-641:337–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.252
Tacconi Stefanelli C, Catani F, Casagli N (2015) Geomorphological investigations on landslide dams. Geoenv Disasters 2:21–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-015-0030-9
Wang F, Zhang Y, Huo Z, Peng X, Wang S, Yamasaki S (2008) Mechanism for the rapid motion of the Qianjiangping landslide during reactivation by the first impoundment of the Three Gorges dam reservoir, China. Landslides 5(4):379–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-008-0130-7
Zhang Y, Meng X, Jordan C, Novellino A, Dijkstra T, Chen G (2018) Investigating slow-moving landslides in the Zhouqu region of China using InSAR time series. Landslides 15:1299–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-0954-8
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mulas, M., Ciccarese, G., Ronchetti, F. et al. Slope dynamics and streambed uplift during the Pergalla landslide reactivation in March 2016 and discussion of concurrent causes (Northern Apennines, Italy). Landslides 15, 1881–1887 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-1039-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-1039-4