Abstract
A quantitative method was tested to describe crown phenophases in relation to water content and to secondary growth in ring-porous species, based on the hypothesis that new shoots require hydrated tissues to maintain the necessary turgor for extension, leading to a reduction in dry matter content (DMC). We collected a three-year-old branch from 11 Quercus pyrenaica Willd. trees at 10-day intervals to estimate DMC of newly developing buds, leaves, and twigs, and processed two opposite stem microcores for xylogenesis. Branch phenophases and shoot length were recorded in the field. The DMC of all organs decreased during crown development, with a minimum in early June, followed by a gradual increase up to initial values in late September. The shoot extension period concurred with the lowest DMC, but also with the beginning of earlywood maturation in the main stem, suggesting a high tissue hydration only when earlywood vessels become functional to fulfill enough water requirements for shoot and leaf extension. These results confirm the usefulness of DMC to accurately quantify the phenology of primary growth from bud swelling up to full leaf extension, as a complement to qualitative methods. This variation in DMC appears to be linked to secondary growth as a result of earlywood vessel development.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Research Project BFU-2010-21451) and Xunta de Galicia (Research Project ROCLIGAL, 10MDS291009PR). G. Guada acknowledges a predoctoral fellowship from FPI program (BES-2011-050172) by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity. I. García-González and Rosa Ana Vázquez-Ruiz are grateful to the Department of Culture, Education and University Management (Xunta de Galicia) for the recognition of Competitive Reference Group (2015/008, I.G. 1809-BIOAPLIC) for financing the project “ Botanical indicators for the study of climate change in Galicia.” The authors are also grateful to Peter Groenendijk for his valuable comments on the manuscript. The frame of the COST Action FP1106 “STReESS” inspired this research.
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Guada, G., García-González, I., Pérez-de-Lis, G. et al. Dry matter content during extension of twigs, buds and leaves reflects hydraulic status related to earlywood vessel development in Quercus pyrenaica Willd.. Eur J Forest Res 137, 307–319 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-018-1104-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-018-1104-5