Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Humic Acids Pyrolyzed onto Silica Microparticles for Solid-Phase Extraction of Benzotriazoles and Benzothiazoles from Environmental Waters

  • Original
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work focuses on the extraction and determination of contaminants of environmental concern belonging to the classes of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles from tap and raw river water samples. The sorbent, recently proposed by this research group, prepared by pyrolysis of humic acids (HAs) onto silica microparticles (HA-C@silica), was tested for fixed-bed SPE of benzotriazole and benzothiazole compounds by modulating its sorption affinity through the carbon loading. This was successfully increased from 10 to 20 wt% HAs and the obtained material, characterized by different techniques, provided quantitative adsorption at the sample native pH (7.5–8), for 50–250 mL samples spiked with each compound at the micrograms per litre levels. After extraction, the analytes were simultaneously desorbed by 4 mL methanol, even more reducible to small volume before HPLC–HESI-MS/MS analysis. Recovery was satisfactory for all compounds, ranging from 70 to 114%, with RSD values ≤ 16% (n = 3). The developed procedure allows quantitation of benzotriazoles at concentrations far below the environmental trigger limits. HA-C@silica turned out to be appealing in comparison with the commercial sorbents in terms of cost, recovery and pre-concentration for determination of such pollutants in actual surface waters. Good reproducibility was observed on independent HA-C@silica preparations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liang X, Liu S, Wang S, Guo Y, Jiang S (2014) J Chromatogr A 1357:53–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Andrade-Eiroa A, Canle M, Leroy-Cancellieri V, Cerdà V (2016) Trends Anal Chem 80:641–654

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Płotka-Wasylka J, Szczepańska N, de la Guardia M, Namieśnik J (2016) Trends Anal Chem 77:23–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sun YP, Ha W, Chen J, Qi HY, Shi YP (2016) Trends Anal Chem 84:12–21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Herrera-Herrera AV, González-Curbelo M, Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado M (2012) Anal Chim Acta 734:1–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Speltini A, Sturini M, Maraschi F, Profumo A (2016) Trends Environ Anal Chem 10:11–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ibrahim WAW, Nodeh HR, Sanagi MM (2016) Crit Rev Anal Chem 46:267–283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Speltini A, Merlo F, Maraschi F, Sturini M, Contini M, Calisi N, Profumo A (2018) J Chromatogr A 1540:38–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Trček B, Žigon D, Zidar VK, Auersperger P (2018) Water Res 144:254–264

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Liao C, Kim UJ, Kannan K (2018) Environ Sci Technol 52:5007–5026

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Naccarato A, Gionfriddo E, Sindona G, Tagarelli A (2014) J Chromatogr A 1338:164–173

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Herrero P, Borrull F, Pocurull E, Marcé RM (2014) Trends Anal Chem 62:46–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Salas D, Borrull F, Marcé RM, Fontanals N (2016) J Chromatogr A 1444:21–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Speltini A, Maraschi F, Sturini M, Contini M, Profumo A (2017) Anal Bioanal Chem 409:6709–6718

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lin A, Lee KY, Der W (2016) Chem Eng J 284:1017–1027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Molins-Delgado D, Távora J, Silvia Díaz-Cruz M, Barceló D (2017) Sci Total Environ 602:975–986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Loos R, Tavazzi S, Mariani G, Suurkuusk G, Paracchini B, Umlauf G (2017) Sci Total Environ 608:1201–1212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sulej AM, Polkowska Z, Astel A, Namieśnik J (2013) Talanta 117:158–167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Xu W, Yan W, Licha T (2015) J Chromatogr A 1422:270–276

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Loi CH, Busetti F, Linge KL, Joll CA (2013) J Chromatogr A 1299:48–57

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Pena MT, Vecino-Bello X, Casais MC, Mejuto MC, Cela R (2012) Anal Bioanal Chem 402:1679–1695

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Casado J, Nescatelli R, Rodríguez I, Ramil M, Marini F, Cela R (2014) J Chromatogr A 1336:1–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Weiss S, Reemtsma T (2005) Anal Chem 77:7415–7420

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Giger W, Schaffner C, Kohler HPE (2006) Environ Sci Technol 40:7186–7192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Jover E, Matamoros V, Bayona JM (2009) J Chromatogr A 1216:4013–4019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Liu YS, Ying GG, Shareef A, Kookana RS (2011) J Chromatogr A 1218:5328–5335

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Herrero P, Borrull F, Pocurull E, Marcé RM (2013) J Chromatogr A 1309:22–32

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Vazquez-Roig P, Segarra R, Blasco C, Andreu V, Picó Y (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:2471–2483

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Maraschi F, Speltini A, Sturini M, Consoli L, Porta A, Profumo A (2017) Chromatographia 80:577–583

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Speltini A, Sturini M, Maraschi F, Mandelli E, Vadivel D, Dondi D, Profumo A (2016) Microchim Acta 183:2241–2249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Speltini A, Maraschi F, Govoni R, Milanese C, Profumo A, Malavasi L, Sturini M (2017) J Chromatogr A 1489:9–17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Janna H, Scrimshaw MD, Williams RJ, Churchley J, Sumpter JP (2011) Environ Sci Technol 45:3858–3864

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Sun N, Han Y, Yan H, Song Y (2014) Anal Chim Acta 810:25–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Speltini A, Sturini M, Maraschi F, Consoli L, Zeffiro A, Profumo A (2015) J Chromatogr A 1379:9–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Van Leerdam JA, Hogenboom AC, van der Kooi MME, de Voogt P (2009) Int J Mass Spectrom 282:99–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Richter D, Massmann G, Taute T, Duennbier U (2009) J Contam Hydrol 106:183–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Wick A, Fink G, Ternes TA (2010) J Chromatogr A 1217:2088–2103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Carpinteiro I, Abuin B, Ramil M, Rodríguez I, Cela R (2012) Anal Bioanal Chem 402:2471–2478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Deeb AA, Schmidt TC (2016) Anal Bioanal Chem 408:4219–4232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Osorio V, Schriks M, Vughs D, de Voogt P, Kolkman A (2018) Talanta 186:527–537

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Dr. Ilenia Tredici is acknowledged for the scientific support in the SEM/EDS analyses performed at the CISRiC (Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi e Ricerche per la Conservazione del Patrimonio Culturale) of Pavia. We are also grateful to Prof. Lorenzo Malavasi (Dept. Chemistry, University of Pavia) for the experimental support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Andrea Speltini, Mattia Pastore, Francesca Merlo, Federica Maraschi, Michela Sturini, Daniele Dondi & Antonella Profumo

Authors
  1. Andrea Speltini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mattia Pastore
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Francesca Merlo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Federica Maraschi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Michela Sturini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Daniele Dondi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Antonella Profumo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea Speltini.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Published in the topical collection Recent Trends in Solid-Phase Extraction for Environmental, Food and Biological Sample Preparation with guest editors Anna Laura Capriotti, Giorgia La Barbera, and Susy Piovesana.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 30 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Speltini, A., Pastore, M., Merlo, F. et al. Humic Acids Pyrolyzed onto Silica Microparticles for Solid-Phase Extraction of Benzotriazoles and Benzothiazoles from Environmental Waters. Chromatographia 82, 1275–1283 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-019-03699-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-019-03699-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation