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A phase-cycled temperature-sensitive fast spin echo sequence with conductivity bias correction for monitoring of mild RF hyperthermia with PRFS

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Abstract

Objective

Mild hyperthermia (HT) treatments are generally monitored by phase-referenced proton resonance frequency shift calculations. A novel phase and thus temperature-sensitive fast spin echo (TFSE) sequence is introduced and compared to the double echo gradient echo (DEGRE) sequence.

Theory and methods

For a proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS)-sensitive TFSE sequence, a phase cycling method is applied to separate even from odd echoes. This method compensates for conductivity change-induced bias in temperature mapping as does the DEGRE sequence. Both sequences were alternately applied during a phantom heating experiment using the clinical setup for deep radio frequency HT (RF-HT). The B0 drift-corrected temperature values in a region of interest around temperature probes are compared to the temperature probe data and further evaluated in Bland–Altman plots. The stability of both methods was also tested within the thighs of three volunteers at a constant temperature using the subcutaneous fat layer for B0-drift correction.

Results

During the phantom heating experiment, on average TFSE temperature maps achieved double temperature-to-noise ratio (TNR) efficiency in comparison with DEGRE temperature maps. In-vivo images of the thighs exhibit stable temperature readings of ± 1 °C over 25 min of scanning in three volunteers for both methods. On average, the TNR efficiency improved by around 25% for in vivo data.

Conclusion

A novel TFSE method has been adapted to monitor temperature during mild HT.

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement Number 605162. Research support was received from GE Global Research. The authors would like to thank Abdelali Ameziane for technical support and Fatih Süleyman Hafalir for helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany

    Mingming Wu & Axel Haase

  2. Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Hendrik T. Mulder, Margarethus M. Paulides & Gerard C. van Rhoon

  3. GE Healthcare, Haifa, Israel

    Yuval Zur

  4. GE Healthcare, Munich, Germany

    Silke Lechner-Greite & Marion I. Menzel

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  1. Mingming Wu
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  2. Hendrik T. Mulder
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  3. Yuval Zur
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  5. Marion I. Menzel
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  6. Margarethus M. Paulides
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  7. Gerard C. van Rhoon
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  8. Axel Haase
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Contributions

Wu, Mulder, Zur and Menzel contributed to the design of the study. Conceptual work on the method was performed by Zur and Wu. Wu and Mulder performed the measurements and acquired the data. The analysis and interpretation of data was done by Wu and Zur. Wu drafted the manuscript. Mulder, Zur, Lechner-Greite, Menzel, Paulides, van Rhoon and Haase were involved in critical revision of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mingming Wu.

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Conflict of interest

Yual Zur, Silke Lechner-Greite, and Marion Menzel were employed with GE Healthcare during the generation of the presented work. The remaining authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Ethical standards

For the in vivo feasibility study, three healthy subjects were scanned with approval by the Erasmus Medical Center Ethics Review Board (METC 2005-340).

Informed consent

Informed written consent was obtained from each volunteer prior to the study.

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Wu, M., Mulder, H.T., Zur, Y. et al. A phase-cycled temperature-sensitive fast spin echo sequence with conductivity bias correction for monitoring of mild RF hyperthermia with PRFS. Magn Reson Mater Phy 32, 369–380 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-018-0725-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-018-0725-5

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