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The role of triploids in the origin and evolution of polyploids of Turnera sidoides complex (Passifloraceae, Turneroideae)

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Abstract

Triploids can play an important role in polyploid evolution. However, their frequent sterility is an obstacle for the origin and establishment of neotetraploids. Here we analyzed the microsporogenesis of triploids (x = 7) and the crossability among cytotypes of Turnera sidoides, aiming to test the impact of triploids on the origin and demographic establishment of tetraploids in natural populations. Triploids of T. sidoides exhibit irregular meiotic behavior. The high frequency of monovalents and of trivalents with non-convergent orientations results in unbalanced and/or non-viable male gametes. In spite of abnormalities in chromosome pairing and unbalanced chromosome segregation, triploids are not completely sterile and yielded up to 67% of viable pollen. Triploids that originated by the fusion of 2n × n gametes of the same taxon showed more regular meiotic behavior and higher fertility than triploids from the contact zone of diploids and tetraploids or triploids of hybrid origin. The reproductive isolation of T. sidoides cytotypes of different ploidy level is not strict and the ‘triploid block’ may be overcome occasionally. Triploids of T. sidoides produce diploid and triploid progeny suggesting that new generations of polyploids could originate from crosses between triploids or from backcrosses with diploids. The capability of T. sidoides to multiply asexually by rhizomes, would enhance the likelihood that a low frequency of neopolyploids can be originated and maintained in natural populations of T. sidoides.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grants of Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación (ANPCyT-FONCyT, PICT 2007-1329 and PICT 2012-1812), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET PIP 11220120100192CO) and Secretaría General de Ciencia y Técnica (Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, PI-004/14). I.E. Kovalsky and S.A. Fernández are Fellows of the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). V.G. Solís Neffa is a member of the Carrera del Investigador Científico of CONICET.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), CC 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina

    I. Evelin Kovalsky, Juan M. Roggero Luque, Silvia A. Fernández & Viviana G. Solís Neffa

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina

    I. Evelin Kovalsky, Silvia A. Fernández & Viviana G. Solís Neffa

  3. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, Ruta Los Peregrinos s/n, F5360CKB, Chilecito, Argentina

    Gabriela Elías

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  1. I. Evelin Kovalsky
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  2. Juan M. Roggero Luque
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  3. Gabriela Elías
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  4. Silvia A. Fernández
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  5. Viviana G. Solís Neffa
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Correspondence to Viviana G. Solís Neffa.

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Kovalsky, I.E., Roggero Luque, J.M., Elías, G. et al. The role of triploids in the origin and evolution of polyploids of Turnera sidoides complex (Passifloraceae, Turneroideae). J Plant Res 131, 77–89 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-017-0974-9

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