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Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica

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Abstract

Apple (Malus × domestica) is an economically important temperate fruit-bearing crop which belongs to the family of Rosaceae and its pomaceous fruit is one of the most commonly cultivated. Several studies have demonstrated that the cell wall plays a pivotal role during flower and fruit development. It takes active part in pollen tube growth and contributes to determine the fruit firmness trait through the action of cell wall-related enzymes (i.e. polygalacturonase and pectinmethylesterase). We have investigated the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flowering from tight cluster to anthesis and during early fruit development in domesticated apple. We also link the changes observed in gene expression to the profile of soluble non-structural carbohydrates at different developmental stages of flowers/fruitlets and to the qualitative results linked to wall polysaccharides’ composition obtained through near-infrared spectroscopy. This work represents an important addition to the study of tree physiology with respect to the analysis of the expression of callose and cellulose synthase genes during flower and early fruit development in domesticated apple.

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Acknowledgments

GG was supported by the fellowship “Incoming researchers” from the Autonomous Province of Bozen/Bolzano-South Tyrol (Promotion of Educational Policies, University and Research Department) and by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): project number M1315. The authors wish to thank Laurent Solinhac, Christine Kerschbamer and Dr Thomas Letschka for their support. Dr Lucien Hoffmann is gratefully acknowledged for critical reading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laimburg Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Laimburg 6, Pfatten (Vadena), 39040, Auer (Ora), BZ, Italy

    Gea Guerriero, Filomena Giorno & Sanja Baric

  2. Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public, Gabriel Lippmann, 41 Rue du Brill, 4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg

    Gea Guerriero, Raquel Folgado, Bruno Printz & Jean-Francois Hausman

  3. Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, 42 Willem de Croylaan, bus 2455, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

    Raquel Folgado

  4. Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELI-A), Université Catholique de Louvain, 5 (bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Bruno Printz

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  1. Gea Guerriero
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  2. Filomena Giorno
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  4. Bruno Printz
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Correspondence to Gea Guerriero or Jean-Francois Hausman.

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10265_2013_586_MOESM2_ESM.tif

NIRS analysis of apple flower and fruitlet samples. (a) NIRS spectra covering the window 1,000–2,500 nm. Peaks were assigned according to Baum et al. (2012); (b) Centred and Pareto scaled NIRS spectra in the window 1,660–1,820 nm; (c) PCA obtained from the spectra in (b). (TIFF 1366 kb)

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Guerriero, G., Giorno, F., Folgado, R. et al. Callose and cellulose synthase gene expression analysis from the tight cluster to the full bloom stage and during early fruit development in Malus × domestica . J Plant Res 127, 173–183 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-013-0586-y

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