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Numerical Simulation of the Groundwater System for Mining Shallow Buried Coal Seams in the Ecologically Fragile Areas of Western China

Numerische Simulation von Grundwassersystemen oberflächennaher Kohleflöze in ökologisch sensiblen Gebieten in Westchina

Simulación numérica del sistema de agua subterránea en las vetas de carbón poco profundas en áreas ecológicamente frágiles del oeste de China

中国西部生态脆弱区浅埋煤层区的地下水系统数值模拟

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Abstract

Shallow coal seams are actively excavated in western China, which can adversely affect groundwater availability. We analyzed the failure mode in the mining of a shallow coal seam, and demonstrated that its fracture zone was directly exposed to an unconsolidated aquifer. Two numerical models (steady and unsteady state models) were used in which the fractured overburden was considered as the first boundary and the aquifer-contacting zone was considered as a drainage boundary. We applied this numerical model to analyze the groundwater system of the Daliuta coal mine in the Shendong area of western China. Simulation results showed that the mining cause groundwater level to decline > 50 m in 2012; the groundwater loss amounted to 2.12 × 104 m3/day.

Zusammenfassung

Oberflächennahe Kohleflöze werden in Westchina aktiv abgebaut, wobei jedoch die Beeinflussung des Grundwassers durch den Bergbau unzureichend erforscht ist. In der vorliegenden Studie haben wir eine Auswirkungsanalyse für den Abbau oberflächennaher Kohleflöze durchgeführt und gezeigt, dass die Bruchzone des Kohleflözes unmittelbar dem schwebenden Grundwasserleiter angrenzt. Wir haben zwei numerische Modelle angewendet, in welchen die gebrochenen, wasserleitenden Deckgesteine als erste Randbedingung und die Aquifer-Kontaktzone als Drainagegraben-Randbedingung angenommen wurden. Das numerische Modell wurde angewendet, um die Beeinflussung des Grundwassersystems der Daliuta Kohlemiene im Shendong-Gebiet in Westchina durch bergbauliche Aktivitäten zu untersuchen. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass aufgrund der Kohlegewinnung der Grundwasserspiegel in 2012 um über 50 m absank und der Grundwasserverlust 2,12 x 10^4 m3/d umfasste.

Resumen

Las vetas poco profundas de carbón son excavadas activamente en el oeste de China, pero la perturbación de los proyectos mineros sobre las aguas subterráneas permanece aún sin ser adecuadamente estudiada. En este trabajo, analizamos el modo de falla en la extracción de la veta de carbón superficial y demostramos que la zona de fractura de la veta de carbón está directamente expuesta al acuífero. Se propusieron dos modelos numéricos en los cuales se consideró que la roca agrietada conductora de agua era el primer límite y que la zona de contacto con el acuífero se consideraba el límite de la zanja de drenaje. Aplicamos este modelo numérico para analizar la perturbación de la minería sobre el sistema de agua subterránea de la mina de carbón Daliuta en el área de Shendong en el oeste de China. Los resultados de la simulación mostraron que debido a la extracción de carbón, el nivel del agua subterránea disminuyó en más de 50 m en 2012 y la pérdida de agua subterránea fue de 2,12×104 m3/d.

抽象

中国西部浅埋煤层开采对地下水系统的扰动仍研究不足。我们分析了浅埋煤层开采的岩层破断模式,认为煤层顶板裂隙带会直接连通松散含水层。提出了两个数值模型,破裂的导水覆岩被视为一类边界,含水层接触带被视为排水沟渠边界。我们应用该数值模型分析了采矿对中国西部神东矿区大柳塔煤矿地下水系统的影响。模拟结果表明,煤炭开采使地下水位2012年下降超过50m,地下水漏失达2.12 × 104m3/d。

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Chinese 13th Five-Year Key Research and Development Program (No. 2016YFC0501102 and 2017YFC0804103) and China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Co., Ltd. Technology Innovation Fund (No. 2013ZD002-02).

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Correspondence to Jishi Geng.

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Zhao, C., Jin, D., Geng, J. et al. Numerical Simulation of the Groundwater System for Mining Shallow Buried Coal Seams in the Ecologically Fragile Areas of Western China. Mine Water Environ 38, 158–165 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-018-0551-z

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