Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A new tongue sole of the genus Cynoglossus from the East China Sea and Yellow Sea (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae)

  • Full Paper
  • Published:
Ichthyological Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cynoglossus yokomaru sp. nov., previously known as Cynoglossus sp., called “Otafuku-genko” (the standard Japanese name), is described based on 15 specimens [64–226 mm in standard length (SL)] collected at depths of 73–157 m in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. The new species belongs to the Cynoglossus kopsii complex as redefined in this paper and clearly differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: two ocular-side lateral lines (dorsolateral and midlateral lines present, ventrolateral line absent); no blind-side lateral line; ctenoid scales present on both sides; two ocular-side nostrils; ocular-side posterior nostril immediately anterior to a point between eyes; head length (HL) shorter than its depth; posterior margin of upper jaw on ocular side not reaching below posterior margin of lower eye; body depth 25.8–30.2% SL; upper supraorbital length 35.5–47.3% HL; lower supraorbital length 48.8–64.3% HL; horizontal diameter of lower eye 10.1–17.4% HL; a long and continuous dorsolateral line with 61–70 scales; midlateral-line scales 4–5 + 65–68 = 69–73; scales above dorsolateral line 3–4; scales between dorsolateral line and midlateral line 10–12; cephalodorsal-line scales 8; dorsal-fin rays 115–119; anal-fin rays 90–94; caudal-fin rays 10 (rarely 8 or 9); and vertebrae 9 + 47–48 = 56–57.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alcock AW (1890) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer ‘Investigator’, Commander R. F. Hoskyn, R. N., commanding. —No 20. On some undescribed shore-fishes from the Bay of Bengal. Ann Mag Nat Hist (Ser 6) 6:425–443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bleeker P (1851a) Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Riouw. Nat Tijds Ned Ind 2:469–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Bleeker P (1851b) Over eenige nieuwe soorten van Pleuronectoiden van den Indischen Archipel. Nat Tijds Ned Ind 1:401–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Bleeker P (1870) Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises, publiés sous les auspices du gouvernement colonial néêrlandais. Tome VI Pleuronectes, Scombrésoces, Clupées, Clupésoces, Chauliodontes, Saurides. Frédéric Muller, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloch ME, Schneider JG (1801) Systema ichthyologiae iconibus cx ilustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit J. G. Schneider, Saxo. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum, Berlin

  • Chabanaud P (1931) Sur divers poissons soléiformes de la région Indo-Pacifique. Bull Soc Zool Fr 56:291–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabanaud P (1947) Notules ichthyologiques (suite). XXXII.—Description d’un nouveau Cynoglossus de la côte du Sénégal. Bull Mus Nat Hist Natl (Ser 2) 19:441–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabanaud P (1949) Révision des Cynoglossidae (s. str.) de l’Atlantique oriental (suite). Bull Mus Nat Hist Natl (Ser 2) 21:202–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Chabanaud P (1951) Sur divers Cynoglossus de la région Indo-Pacifique. Ann Mag Nat Hist (Ser 12) 4:268–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day F (1877) The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Part 3. London, pp 369–552 (pls 79–138)

  • Eschmeyer WN, Fricke R, van der Laan R (2018) Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Online version, updated 29 March 2018. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmafi.asp. Accessed 17 April 2018

  • Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN (2018) A guide to fish collections in the catalog of fishes. Online version, updated 29 March 2018. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/collections.asp. Accessed 17 April 2018

  • Fricke R, Golani D, Appelbaum-Golani B (2017) Cynoglossus crepida, a new species of tonguesole from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (Teleostei: Cynoglossidae). J Ocean Sci Found 25:77–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilchrist JDF (1906) Descriptions of fifteen new South African fishes, with notes on other species. Mar Invest S Afr 4:143–171 (pls 37–51)

    Google Scholar 

  • Günther A (1873) Report on a collection of fishes from China. Ann Mag Nat Hist (Ser 4) 12:239–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Günther A (1878) Notes on a collection of Japanese sea-fishes. Ann Mag Nat Hist (Ser 5) 1:485–487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Günther A (1880) Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger in the years 1873–1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Zool 1(pt 6):1–82 (pls 1–32)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton F (1822) An account of the fishes found in the River Ganges and its branches. Archibald Constable and Company, Edinburgh and London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins JT (1910) Notes on fish from India and Persia, with descriptions of new species. Rec Ind Mus 5:123–140 (pls 1–6)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim IS, Choi Y (1994) A taxonomic revision of the family Cynoglossidae (Pisces, Pleuronectiformes) from Korea. Bull Korean Fish Soc 27:803–813

    Google Scholar 

  • Li SZ, Wang HM (1995) Cynoglossidae. In: Li SZ, Wang HM (eds) Fauna Sinica, Osteichthyes: Pleuronectiformes. Science Press, Beijing, pp 324–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg GU, Fedorov VV (1993) Fishes of the Sea of Japan and the adjacent parts of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Yellow Sea. Part 6. Teleostomi. Osteichthyes. Actinopterygii. XXI. Pleuronectiformes (Fam. CXCV. Psettodidae–Fam. CCI. Cynoglossidae). Nauka, St. Petersburg

  • Menon AGK (1977) A systematic monograph of the tongue soles of the genus Cynoglossus Hamilton-Buchanan (Pisces: Cynoglossidae). Smithson Contrib Zool (238):i–iv + 1–129 (pls 1–21)

  • Munroe TA (2001) Cynoglossidae. In: Carpenter KE, Niem VH (eds) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the western central Pacific. Vol 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae). FAO, Rome, pp 3890–3901

  • Munroe TA (2017) Rediscovery of the holotype of the tongue sole, Cynoglossus dollfusi (Chabanaud, 1931): its impact on Red Sea records for C. sealarki Regan, 1908, C. lingua Hamilton, 1822, and C. zanzibarensis Norman, 1939, and on the taxonomic status of C. cleopatridis Chabanaud, 1949 (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae). Proc Biol Soc Wash 130:5–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman JR (1925) Two new fishes from China. Ann Mag Nat His (Ser 9) 16:270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman JR (1926) A report on the flatfishes (Heterosomata) collected by the F.I.S. “Endeavour,” with a synopsis of the flatfishes of Australia and a revision of the subfamily Rhombosoleinae. Biol Res Endeavour 5:219–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman JR (1928) The flatfishes (Heterosomata) of India, with a list of the specimens in the Indian Museum. Part II. Rec Ind Mus 30:173–215 (pls 4–7)

    Google Scholar 

  • Norman JR (1939) Fishes. The John Murray Expedition 1933–34. Sci Rep John Murray Exped 7:1–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochiai A (1963) Fauna Japonica. Soleina (Pisces). Biogeographical Society of Japan, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Ochiai A (1966) Studies on the comparative morphology and ecology of the Japanese soles. Misaki Mar Biol Inst Kyoto Univ Spec Rep 3:1–97 (pls 1–2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Oshima M (1927) List of flounders and soles found in the waters of Formosa, with descriptions of hitherto unrecorded species. Jpn J Zool 1:177–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Rendahl H (1921) Results of Dr. E. Mjöbergs Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia, 1910–13. XXVIII. Fische. K Sven Vetenskapsakad handl 61:1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Saruwatari T, López JA, Pietsch TW (1997) Cyanine blue: a versatile and harmless stain for specimen observation. Copeia 1997:840–841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen SC (1969) Additions to the study on the flatfishes in the adjacent waters of Hong Kong. Rep Inst Fish Biol Minist Econ Aff Natl Taiwan Univ 2:19–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen SC (1983) Cynoglossid fishes (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) of Taiwan. Bull Inst Zool Acad Sin 22:105–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinohara G, Sato T, Aonuma Y, Horikawa H, Mastuura K, Nakabo T, Sato K (2005) Annotated checklist of deep-sea fishes from the waters around the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Nat Sci Mus Monogr (29):385–452

  • Snyder JO (1909) Descriptions of new genera and species of fishes from Japan and the Riu Kiu Islands. Proc US Natl Mus 36:597–610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Voronina EP, Prokofiev AM, Prirodina VP (2016) Review of the flatfishes of Vietnam in the collection of zoological institute, Saint Petersburg. Proc Zool Inst RAS 320:381–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waite ER (1905) Notes on fishes from Western Australia.—No 3. Rec Aust Mus 6:55–82 (pls 8–17)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZH, Munroe TA, Kong XY (2016) A new species of tongue sole (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Cynoglossus) from coastal waters of the South China Sea. Proc Biol Soc Wash 129:129–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weber M (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. E J Brill, Leiden

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada U (1993) Cynoglossidae. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 1191–1195, 1374

  • Yamada U (2000) Cynoglossidae. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, second edn. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 1388–1392, 1639

  • Yamada U (2002) Cynoglossidae. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edn. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp 1388–1392, 1630

  • Yamada U, Irie T (1989) About fish of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Seikaiku Suisan Kenkyusho News 62:21–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada U, Shirai S, Irie T, Tokimura M, Deng S, Zheng Y, Li C, Kim YU, Kim YS (1995) Names and illustrations of fishes from the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Oversea Fishery Cooperation Foundation, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada U, Tokimura M, Horikawa H, Nakabo T (2007) Fishes and fisheries of the East China and Yellow Seas. Tokai University Press, Hadano

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamada U, Yagishita N (2013) Cynoglossidae. In: Nakabo T (ed) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, third edition. Tokai University Press, Hadano, pp 1693–1698, 2233

  • Yokogawa K, Endo H, Sakaji H (2008) Cynoglossus ochiaii, a new tongue sole from Japan (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae). Bull Natl Mus Nat Sci (Ser A) Suppl 2:115–127

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are deeply indebted to the following researchers and museum specialists for specimen loans and shipments, assistance during the first author’s visits to their institutions, and assistance with radiography: J. Maclain and O. Crimmen (BMNH); D. Catania (CAS); N. Nakayama (Tokai University, formerly FAKU) and F. Tashiro (HUMZ, formerly FAKU); Y. Kai and R. Misawa (FAKU); C. McMahan, S. Mochel and K. Swagel (FMNH); H. Motomura (KAUM), K. Koeda (NMMB, formerly KAUM), H. Hata, and other KAUM students; H. Senou (KPM); P. Pruvost, R. Causse, Z. Gabsi, J. Pfliger, and A. Allard (MNHN); G. Shinohara and N. Nakae (NSMT); K. Hatooka (formerly OMNH), K. Hoshino and T. Nagasawa (SNFR); J. Williams, K. Murphy, and S. Raredon (USMN); P. Bartsch and E. Aßel (ZMB); and L. Kosygin Singh, S. S. Mishra and other ZSI staff. Our sincere thanks go to K. Mizumachi and other BSKU students, T. Yamakawa (Kochi, Japan), Y. Mizumachi (Imari, Japan), S. Mizumachi (Imari, Japan), and the staff of the Mimase and Saga fish markets, for assistance in collecting specimens; M.-Y. Lee (NTUM) for providing the photographs of type specimens of C. brachycephalus and C. kopsii; two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments to improve the manuscript; and G. Yearsley (Hobart, Tasmania) for editing the English text. This study was supported in part by grants awarded to the first author by the Fujiwara Natural History Foundation. Part of the type specimens were captured through the cruises funded by “Project of survey and assessment of fish stock in the waters around Japan” promoted by Fisheries Agency.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan

    Taiga Naito & Hiromitsu Endo

Authors
  1. Taiga Naito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hiromitsu Endo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Taiga Naito.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article was registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) as 64037DD7-6229-481D-8C1C-F5DA5F978214.

This article was published as an Online First article on the online publication date shown on this page. The article should be cited by using the doi number.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (XLSX 30 kb)

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Naito, T., Endo, H. A new tongue sole of the genus Cynoglossus from the East China Sea and Yellow Sea (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae). Ichthyol Res 66, 400–410 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00685-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-019-00685-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation