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Nitrogen flow assessment in rapidly urbanizing Hai Duong province, downstream of Cau River Basin, Vietnam

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Abstract

Hai Duong is a rapidly urbanizing province with a condensed network of rivers, located downstream of the Cau River Basin, one of the three most polluted river systems in Vietnam. Intensive agriculture and industrial development in the province has caused profound impact on the river water. This research aims to develop a material flow analysis (MFA) model, which can simulate and visualize nitrogen flows in Hai Duong province and its districts, to access the impact of agricultural activities and industrial parks on the surrounding environments. MFA was applied for Hai Duong province and its districts to estimate nitrogen flows in the whole province. The nitrogen loads to surface water, air, and soil/groundwater annually were 50,531 ± 10,801, 12,981 ± 1541, and 6055 ± 3121 tons, respectively. The quality of the developed model was assessed through a modified uncertainty analysis procedure. Also, MFA results of nitrogen loads to the water environment were consistent with the analytical results. Nitrogen was largely derived from agricultural activities and domestic and industrial wastewater. Environmental flows in the next 10 years and reasonable solutions for improving environmental quality in the province are proposed.

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Acknowledgements

This study is a part of NAFOSTED basic research project 104.04- 2013.37 funded by the Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Alexander Scheeline, University of Illinois, for editing this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University (VNU), No. 19, Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thao Thi Ta

  2. Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No. 8, Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Duc Anh Trinh

  3. Electric Power University, No. 235, Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Nga Thu Do

  4. International Research Centre for River Basin Environment (ICRE), University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan

    Nga Thu Do

Authors
  1. Thao Thi Ta
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  2. Duc Anh Trinh
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  3. Nga Thu Do
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Correspondence to Nga Thu Do.

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Ta, T.T., Trinh, D.A. & Do, N.T. Nitrogen flow assessment in rapidly urbanizing Hai Duong province, downstream of Cau River Basin, Vietnam. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 20, 533–542 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0616-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0616-2

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