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A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study of the Impact of Online Music Training on Pitch and Timbre Perception in Cochlear Implant Users

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Abstract

Cochlear implant (CI) biomechanical constraints result in impoverished spectral cues and poor frequency resolution, making it difficult for users to perceive pitch and timbre. There is emerging evidence that music training may improve CI-mediated music perception; however, much of the existing studies involve time-intensive and less readily accessible in-person music training paradigms, without rigorous experimental control paradigms. Online resources for auditory rehabilitation remain an untapped potential resource for CI users. Furthermore, establishing immediate value from an acute music training program may encourage CI users to adhere to post-implantation rehabilitation exercises. In this study, we evaluated the impact of an acute online music training program on pitch discrimination and timbre identification. Via a randomized controlled crossover study design, 20 CI users and 21 normal hearing (NH) adults were assigned to one of two arms. Arm-A underwent 1 month of online self-paced music training (intervention) followed by 1 month of audiobook listening (control). Arm-B underwent 1 month of audiobook listening followed by 1 month of music training. Pitch and timbre sensitivity scores were taken across three visits: (1) baseline, (2) after 1 month of intervention, and (3) after 1 month of control. We found that performance improved in pitch discrimination among CI users and NH listeners, with both online music training and audiobook listening. Music training, however, provided slightly greater benefit for instrument identification than audiobook listening. For both tasks, this improvement appears to be related to both fast stimulus learning as well as procedural learning. In conclusion, auditory training (with either acute participation in an online music training program or audiobook listening) may improve performance on untrained tasks of pitch discrimination and timbre identification. These findings demonstrate a potential role for music training in perceptual auditory appraisal of complex stimuli. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance and the need for more tightly controlled training studies in order to accurately evaluate the impact of rehabilitation training protocols on auditory processing.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Meludia for providing access to the online music training accounts for the research participants in this music training study.

Funding

This present study did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California - San Francisco (UCSF), 2380 Sutter St, 1st Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA

    Nicole T. Jiam, Patpong Jiradejvong & Charles J. Limb

  2. Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Mickael L. Deroche

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  1. Nicole T. Jiam
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  2. Mickael L. Deroche
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  4. Charles J. Limb
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Correspondence to Charles J. Limb.

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Conflicts of Interest

CJL serves as a member of the Medical Advisory Board and receives research funding and support from Advanced Bionics Corporation. He is also a consultant and has served as Scientific Chair of the Music Advisory Board for Med-El Corporation. He is also a consultant for Oticon Medical, Spiral Therapeutics, and Frequency Therapeutics. None of these relationships were relevant to this study. For the remaining authors, no conflicts of interests were declared.

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Jiam, N.T., Deroche, M.L., Jiradejvong, P. et al. A Randomized Controlled Crossover Study of the Impact of Online Music Training on Pitch and Timbre Perception in Cochlear Implant Users. JARO 20, 247–262 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-018-00704-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-018-00704-0

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