Abstract
Even though intra-guild predators frequently prey on the same species, it is unclear whether diet overlap between two predators is a source of interspecific competition or whether predators simply use the same abundant prey resource. We measured the extent to which the diets of barn owls (Tyto alba) and long-eared owls (Asio otus) in Israel overlap and examined whether yearly differences in diet overlap correlate with barn owl breeding success. Pianka’s index of niche overlap was positively related to barn owl population size but not to its breeding success. The number of breeding barn owls was higher when long-eared owls consumed more rodents, suggesting that diet overlap most likely increased when rodents became more abundant. Therefore, in Israel, when these two owl species prey more often on rodents, their diets are more similar and interspecific competition is reduced. Unlike sympatric populations in Europe, in years when rodents are less abundant in Israel long-eared owls switch to hunting alternative prey (e.g., birds), perhaps to avoid competition with barn owls.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Maria Novoslov, Yuval Cohen, Tomer Chen, Inbal Segev, Hadas Sela for pellet cleaning, Kobi Meyrom for field assistance and Simon Birrer and Andrew Wolfenden for comments on the paper. We also thank the Israel Meteorological Center for weather data, and Yossi Leshem, the Israel Hoopoe Foundation, Society for the Protection of Nature Israel, Israel Ministry of Agriculture, Israeli Ministry of Environmental Protection, Addax and Oryx Foundation, the University of Haifa and the Minerva Center for Movement Ecology for funding.
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Charter, M., Izhaki, I. & Roulin, A. The relationship between intra–guild diet overlap and breeding in owls in Israel. Popul Ecol 60, 397–403 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-018-0633-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-018-0633-6