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Effect of prior application with and without post-injury treatment with low-level laser on the modulation of key proteins in the muscle repair process

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT prior to muscle injury with and without post-injury irradiation on the expression of isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), calcineurin (CaN), and myostatin during the repair process. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control (n = 7); injury (n = 21); LLLT + injury (n = 21); injury + LLLT (n = 21), and LLLT + injury + LLLT (n = 21). Cryoinjury was performed on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. The injured groups were euthanized at 3, 7, and 14 days after injury. LLLT was performed using an infrared laser (780 nm) with the following parameters: 10 J/cm2, 40 mW, 10 s per point, 8 points, and 3.2 J of total energy. At the end of each period, the TA muscle was removed for the analysis of MyHC, CaN, and myostatin gene expression using real-time PCR. The data were tested statistically by Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that prior irradiation reduced the mRNA expression of all proteins at 3 days. Post irradiation reduced the mRNA expression of MyHC-1, MyHC-2a, MyHC-2b, and CaN at 7 days. Prior irradiation combined with post-injury irradiation reduced the mRNA expression of MyHC-2x and CaN at 14 days and increased the mRNA expression of myostatin in the same period. In conclusion, different protocols of photobiomodulation can modulate the expression of the different isoforms of MyHC, CaN, and myostatin during the repair process. It is noteworthy that the combination of the prior and post-injury irradiation was the protocol that most promoted changes in the final phase of the repair process.

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Funding

This work was supported by UNINOVE and the Brazilian fostering agency, São Paulo Research Foundation—FAPESP (grants: 2013/21540-3, 2014/12381-1, and 2017/06461-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Danielle De Lima Rodrigues, Agnelo Neves Alves, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes & Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari

  2. Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Beatriz Ribeiro Guimarães, Sandra Kalil Bussadori & Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari

  3. Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Weslley Wallace de Alcântara Araujo Amorim

  4. Departamento de Pós Graduação, Mestrado e Doutorado em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01504-001, Brazil

    Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari

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  1. Danielle De Lima Rodrigues
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  2. Agnelo Neves Alves
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  3. Beatriz Ribeiro Guimarães
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  6. Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
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Correspondence to Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

This study received approval from the Ethics Committee on Animal Research of University Nove de Julho (process number: AN25/2014), and all experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Brazilian National.

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De Lima Rodrigues, D., Alves, A.N., Guimarães, B.R. et al. Effect of prior application with and without post-injury treatment with low-level laser on the modulation of key proteins in the muscle repair process. Lasers Med Sci 33, 1207–1213 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2456-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2456-2

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