Abstract
The use of formaldehyde-based adhesives in the wood-based composite industry represents a healthcare concern due to its toxic volatile compounds. For this reason, this work presents the use of a formaldehyde barrier layer based on cellulose nanofibers (CNF) obtained from Manila hemp (Musa textilis) fibers. The elaborated CNF films were firstly evaluated in their mechanical properties, gas transmittance, and surface free energy. Commercially available particleboards were produced with urea–formaldehyde resin and then covered in their external faces by CNF films, and the results were compared to those of an industrial-type laminate. These multilayered composites were evaluated in their morphology, surface free energy, and emission of free formaldehyde. Results showed that the addition of CNF layers reduced significantly the emission of formaldehyde (26% less). The bio-based nature of cellulose nanofibers provides an environmentally friendly barrier to prevent the emissions of volatile organic compounds from industrially available particleboards.
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Abbreviations
- CNF:
-
Cellulose nanofibers
- IL:
-
Particleboard bonded with industrial laminate
- MUF:
-
Melamine–urea–formaldehyde
- NP:
-
Particleboard bonded with nanopaper
- OTR:
-
Oxygen transmission rate
- PB:
-
Particleboard
- PF:
-
Phenol–formaldehyde
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- UF:
-
Urea–formaldehyde
- WVTR:
-
Water vapor transmission rate
- γ s :
-
Surface free energy
- θ w :
-
Water contact angle
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and COST Action FP1205 through STSM FP1205-35995. The authors thank for technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU for SEM characterizations.
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Gumowska, A., Kowaluk, G., Labidi, J. et al. Barrier properties of cellulose nanofiber film as an external layer of particleboard. Clean Techn Environ Policy 21, 2073–2079 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01760-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01760-7