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Critical roasting level determines bioactive content and antioxidant activity of Robusta coffee beans

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Abstract

Indonesian Lampung Robusta coffee green beans were roasted at eight roasting levels (green bean, early yellow, brown, 1st crack done, very light, light, medium, and dark), followed by grinding and brewing. The physical properties of ground coffee and chemical properties of brewed coffee were analyzed. The resulting data were mapped in order to investigate the critical roasting level. It was observed that major alterations for physicochemical properties of coffee happened after “first crack” roasting level (when water activity (Aw) of bean decreased from 0.22 to 0.15). This cracking is defined as popping sound of the bean during roasting. Continuous formation of melanoidins under low Aw (< 0.15) was followed by slow degradation of chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and total phenolic compounds. Caffeine was stable during roasting, while antioxidant activity slightly decreased. The “first crack” was determined to be the critical roasting level to produce roasted coffee beans containing high concentrations of phenolics.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia for financial support [grant numbers 079/SP2H/LT/DRPM/II/2016, February 17th 2016]. The authors also acknowledge Aneka Coffee Industry-Indonesia for providing Robusta coffee beans and a roaster machine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

    Dian Herawati, Puspo Edi Giriwono & Nuri Andarwulan

  2. Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Ulin No.1 IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

    Dian Herawati, Puspo Edi Giriwono & Nuri Andarwulan

  3. Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Jl. Lodaya II No. 5, Bogor, Indonesia

    Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi

  4. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Marine Science, Kochi University, B200, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 7838502, Japan

    Takehiro Kashiwagi

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  1. Dian Herawati
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  2. Puspo Edi Giriwono
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  4. Takehiro Kashiwagi
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  5. Nuri Andarwulan
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Correspondence to Nuri Andarwulan.

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Herawati, D., Giriwono, P.E., Dewi, F.N.A. et al. Critical roasting level determines bioactive content and antioxidant activity of Robusta coffee beans. Food Sci Biotechnol 28, 7–14 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-018-0442-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-018-0442-x

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