Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Survival of probiotics in pea protein-alginate microcapsules with or without chitosan coating during storage and in a simulated gastrointestinal environment

  • Published:
Food Science and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pea protein-alginate microcapsules with or without a chitosan coating and containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and L. helveticus R0052 were produced by extrusion and tested for survivability during storage and in an in vitro gastrointestinal environment. Both microcapsule formulations provided significant protection for cells incubated in synthetic stomach juice at 37°C for 2 h, followed by 3 h in simulated intestinal fluid, relative to non-encapsulated bacteria. However, evaluation of cell viability during 9 weeks of storage at room temperature revealed that chitosan coating significantly improved microcapsule performance compared to non-coated microcapsules. Refrigerated storage had no negative impact on the microcapsule protection ability of both types of microcapsules. Notably, chitosan-containing microcapsules showed much higher bacterial survival counts during challenge tests even after storage. Moreover, the addition of chitosan to the microcapsule formulation did not increase the microcapsule size.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. FAO/WHO. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on evaluation of health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2001)

  2. Varankovich NV, Nickerson MT, Korber DR. Probiotic-based strategies for therapeutic and prophylactic use against multiple gastrointestinal diseases. Front. Microbiol. 685: 1–14 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chandramouli V, Kailasapathy K, Peiris P, Jones M. An improved method of microencapsulation and its evaluation to protect Lactobacillus spp. in simulated gastric conditions. J. Microbiol. Meth. 56: 27–35 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Jiménez-Pranteda ML, Aguilera M, McCartney AL, Hoyles L, Jiménez-Valera M, Náder-Macías ME, Ramos-Cormenzana A, Monteoliva-Sánchez M. Investigation of the impact of feeding Lactobacillus plantarum CRL 1815 encapsulated in microbially derived polymers on the rat fecal microbiota. J. Appl. Microbiol. 113: 399–410 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Khan NH, Korber DR, Low NH, Nickerson MT. Development of extrusion-based legume protein isolate–alginate capsules for the protection and delivery of the acid sensitive probiotic, Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Food Res. Int. 54: 730–737 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Varankovich NV, Khan NH, Nickerson MT, Kalmokoff M, Korber DR. Evaluation of pea protein–polysaccharide matrices for encapsulation of acid-sensitive bacteria. Food Res. Int. 70: 118–124 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Annan NT, Borza AD, Hansen LT. Encapsulation in alginate-coated gelatin microspheres improves survival of the probiotic Bifidobacterium adolescentis 15703T during exposure to simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. Food Res. Int. 41: 184–193 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Holzapfel WH, Schillinger U. Introduction to pre-and probiotics. Food Res. Int. 35: 109–116 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Voo WP, Ravindra P, Tey BT, Chan ES. Comparison of alginate and pectin based beads for production of poultry probiotic cells. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 111: 294–299 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Stone AK, Karalash A, Tyler RT, Warkentin TD, Nickerson MT. Functional attributes of pea protein isolates prepared using different extraction methods and cultivars. Food Res. Int. 76: 31–38 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Smith A, Perelman M, Hinchcliffe M, Limited AD, Centre AE, Park NS, Nottingham B. Chitosan: A promising safe and immune-enhancing adjuvant for intranasal vaccines. Hum. Vaccin. Immunother. 10: 797–807 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hirano S. Chitin biotechnology applications. Biotechnol. Annu. Rev. 2: 237–58 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Türkoðlu T, Taþcýoðlu S. Novel strategy for the ionotropic crosslinking of chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complexes. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 131: 1–7 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wang J, Lian Z, Wang H, Jin X, Liu Y. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of schiff base of chitosan and acylated chitosan. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 123: 3242–3247 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zheng H, Gao M, Ren Y, Lou R, Xie H, Yu W, Liu X, Ma X. Controlling gel structure to modulate cell adhesion and spreading on the surface of microcapsules. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8: 19333–19342 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chávarri M, Marañón I, Ares R, Ibáñez FC, Marzo F, Villarán C. Microencapsulation of a probiotic and prebiotic in alginate-chitosan capsules improves survival in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 142: 185–189 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gareau MG, Wine E, Reardon C, Sherman PM. Probiotics prevent death caused by Citrobacter rodentium infection in neonatal mice. J. Infect. Dis. 201: 81–91 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gareau MG, Wine E, Rodrigues DM, Cho JH, Whary MT, Philpott DJ, MacQueen G, Sherman PM. Bacterial infection causes stress-induced memory dysfunction in mice. Gut 60: 307–317 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Rodrigues DM, Sousa AJ, Johnson-Henry KC, Sherman PM, Gareau MG. Probiotics are effective for the prevention and treatment of Citrobacter rodentium–induced colitis in mice. J. Infect. Dis. 206: 99–109 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Klemmer KJ, Korber DR, Low NH, Nickerson MT. Pea protein-based capsules for probiotic and prebiotic delivery. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 46: 2248–2256 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Krasaekoopt W, Bhandari B, Deeth H. Evaluation of encapsulation techniques of probiotics for yoghurt. Int. Dairy J. 13: 3–13 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pedersen C, Jonsson H, Lindberg JE, Roos S. Microbiological characterization of wet wheat distillers' grain, with focus on isolation of lactobacilli with potential as probiotics. Appl. Environ. Microb. 70: 1522–1527 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Foerst P, Kulozik U, Schmitt M, Bauer S, Santivarangkna C. Storage stability of vacuum-dried probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus paracasei F19. Food Bioprod. Process. 90: 295–300 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Champagne C, Mondou F. Effect of polymers and storage temperature on the stability of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria. Food Res. Int. 29: 555–562 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Obradovic N, Krunic T. Influence of chitosan coating on mechanical stability of biopolymer carriers with probiotic starter culture in fermented whey beverages. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2015: 1–8 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zanjani MAK, Tarzi BG, Sharifan A, Mohammadi N. Microencapsulation of probiotics by calcium alginate-gelatinized starch with chitosan coating and evaluation of survival in simulated human gastro-intestinal condition. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 13: 843–852 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Krasaekoopt W, Bhandari B, Deeth H. The influence of coating materials on some properties of alginate beads and survivability of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria. Int. Dairy J. 14: 737–743 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ouwerx C, Velings N, Mestdagh MM, Axelos MA V. Physico-chemical properties and rheology of alginate gel beads formed with various divalent cations. Polym. Gels Netw. 6: 393–408 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Valenzuela C, Hernández V, Morales MS, Pizarro F. Heme iron release from alginate beads at in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 172: 251–257 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Li Y, Hu M, Du Y, Xiao H, McClements DJ. Control of lipase digestibility of emulsified lipids by encapsulation within calcium alginate beads. Food Hydrocolloid. 25: 122–130 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, SK, Canada

    Natallia Varankovich, Maria F. Martinez, Michael T. Nickerson & Darren R. Korber

Authors
  1. Natallia Varankovich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maria F. Martinez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michael T. Nickerson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Darren R. Korber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Darren R. Korber.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Varankovich, N., Martinez, M.F., Nickerson, M.T. et al. Survival of probiotics in pea protein-alginate microcapsules with or without chitosan coating during storage and in a simulated gastrointestinal environment. Food Sci Biotechnol 26, 189–194 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0025-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0025-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation