Abstract
The geological features and mechanical properties of metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks from a quarry in southern Finland were studied. Resistance to wear (from the studded tyres test and Los Angeles test) and petrography were used as quality indicators. The study reported was undertaken some 5 years after the opening of Pirkanmaa rock quarry in order to optimise the environmental and economic benefits. The study draws attention to the importance of the assessment of geologically heterogeneous rock quarries which makes it possible to produce a wider range of aggregates from the same quarry for various construction purposes, maximise the crushing process and minimise changes in aggregate quality.
Résumé
Les caractéristiques géologiques et les propriétés mécaniques de roches métamorphiques, d’origine volcanique ou sédimentaire, ont été étudiées dans une carrière du sud de la Finlande. La nature pétrographique et la résistance à l’usure (à partir du test aux pneus cloutés et de l’essai Los Angeles) ont été utilisées comme indicateurs de qualité. L’étude présentée a été réalisée environ cinq ans après l’ouverture de la carrière de Pirkanmaa avec des préoccupations environnementales et économiques. L’article attire l’attention sur l’intérêt d’une étude détaillée des carrières géologiquement hétérogènes, à partir desquelles une production d’une large gamme de granulats est possible pour des usages très variés dans la construction. De telles études permettent de plus d’optimiser les procédés de concassage et de minimiser les changements de qualité des granulats produits.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alkio R, Vuorinen J (1996) Kiviaineksen raemuodon vaikutus päällysteen kulutuskestävyyteen —Minikoetien ensimmäisen talven tulokset [In Finnish, The effect of aggregate shape on the wear resistance of asphalt pavement –a study with field test slabs, wear results of the first winter]. Tielaitoksen selvityksiä 57:26
Briggs CA, Bearman RA (1996) An investigation of rock breakage and damage in comminution equipment. Miner Eng 9:489–497
Britschgi R (2001) Adjusting of groundwater protection and aggregate production. In: Kuula-Väisänen P, Uusinoka R (eds) Proceedings of aggregate 2001—environment and economy (Helsinki, 2001), Tampere University of Technology, Laboratory of Engineering Geology, vol 51. pp 377–380
CEN, European Committee for Standardisation (2002) EN 13043, Aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface treatments for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas, Brussels, 40 pp
CEN, European Committee for Standardisation (1996) EN 1097-1 tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Part 1: Determination of the resistance to wear (Micro-Deval), Brussels, 10 pp
CEN, European Committee for Standardisation (1997a) EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution. Sieving method, Brussels, 7 pp
CEN, European Committee for Standardisation (1997b) EN 933-3, Tests for general properties of aggregates. Part 3: Determination of particle shape. Flakiness index, Brussels, 7 pp
CEN, European Committee for Standardisation (1998a) EN 1097-9, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Part 9: Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres, Brussels 7, pp
CEN, European Committee for Standardisation (1998b) EN 1097-2, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation, Brussels, 22 pp
CEN, European Committee for Standardisation (1999) EN 932-2, Tests for general properties of aggregates. Part 2: Methods for reducing laboratory samples, Brussels, 16 pp
Evertsson CM (2000) Cone crusher performance. PhD Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg
Högström K (1994) Stenmaterial Västsvenska bergarters hållfasthetsegenskaper som obundna bärlager [Aggregates from West Sweden and their strength properties in unbound base course, English abstract, discussion and recommendations], Byggentreprenörerna Raport 40, 74 pp
Houston EC, Smith JV (1997) Assessment of rock quality variability due to smectitic alteration in basalt using X-ray diffraction analysis. Eng Geol 46:19–32
Jern M (2001) Determination of the damaged zone in quarries, related to aggregate production. Bull Eng Geol Environ 60:157–166
Kähkönen Y (1989) Geochemistry and petrology of the metavolcanic rocks of the early Proterozoic Tampere Schist belt, southern Finland. Geol Surv Finland Bull 345:107
Laignel B, Spencer CH, Meyer R (2002) The clay-with-flints of the western Paris Basin: a potential aggregate resource. Environ Geol 41:525–536
Lizotte YC, Scoble MJ (1994) Geological control over blast fragmentation. Can Mining Metallurgical Bull 87(983):57–71
Lolcama JL, Cohen HA, Tonkin MJ (2002) Deep karst conduits, flooding, and sinkholes: lessons for the aggregates industry. Eng Geol 65:151–157
Nurmi H, Sipilä P, Vuokko J (2001) Occurrence and quality variations of rock aggregates in Finland. In: Kuula-Väisänen P, Uusinoka R (eds) Proceedings of Aggregate 2001—environment and economy (Helsinki, 2001), Tampere University of Technology, Laboratory of Engineering Geology 50:55–57
PANK [Finnish Pavement Technology Advisory Council] (1995) PANK–2207, Kiviainekset, kuulamyllykoe, raaka-ainetesti [In Finnish, Aggregates, studded tyre test, raw material test], 4 pp
Rintala J (2002) Maa-ainesten ottomäärät ja ottamislupatilanne 2001 —maa-aineslain mukaiset ottoalueet. (English abstract, Extractable land resource volumes and permits 2001 –extraction areas under the Land Extraction Act). Suomen ympäristö 592:63
Smith MR, Collis L (eds) (1993) Aggregates. Geological Society Engineering Geology Special Publication, vol 9. 339 pp
Söderberg C (1995) Micro-Deval or “Kulkvarn‘’? 4th Nordic aggregate research conference, 27–28.11.1995 Espoo, Finland, 2pp
Stubbs BJ, Smith JV (1997) Weathered bedrock as a source of sand and gravel aggregate in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia. Environ Geol 32(1): 64–70
Tielaitos (1999) Murskaustyöt [In Finnish, The crushing works]. TIEL 2212809–98, Helsinki, 30 pp
Van Loon AJ (2002) The complexity of simple geology. Earth Sci Rev 59:287–295
Vuorinen J (1999) Kuulamylly- ja Micro-Deval-kokeiden tulosten vastaavuus. [In Finnish, The correlation between studded tyre test and Micro-Deval tests]. Tielaitoksen selvityksiä 30, 27 pp
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Veli Suominen of the Geological Survey of Finland, Hanna Järvenpää and Martti Kärkkäinen of Lohja Rudus Oy Ab, and Paula Kosunen, Yrjö Kähkönen and Arto Luttinen of the University of Helsinki, for their support and helpful discussion throughout this study, and to Matti Mertamo of Lemminkäinen Ltd for assistance in the laboratory work. We are also grateful to Anthony Meadows for language revision. Lohja Rudus Oy Ab, The Graduate School in Rock Engineering and the Foundation for Research of Natural Resources in Finland gave financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Räisänen, M., Torppa, A. Quality assessment of a geologically heterogeneous rock quarry in Pirkanmaa county, southern Finland. Bull Eng Geol Environ 64, 409–418 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-005-0006-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-005-0006-1
Keywords
- Aggregate
- Los Angeles test
- Studded tyres test
- Quality assessment
- Heterogeneous quarries
- Geological mapping