Abstract
Urban road dust is formed during wintertime when cars use studded tyres and when anti-skid aggregate particles are being crushed under tyres. A road simulator fitted with studded and friction winter tyres was used in three test series in order to investigate dust formation at tyre and pavement interface with various anti-skid materials and tyre types. The bedrock and glaciofluvial anti-skid aggregates tested had variable mechanical–physical and mineralogical properties. A special emphasis was put on the particle size distribution of anti-skid materials and on asphalt aggregate characteristics. The proportions of particles <10 μm from asphalt vs anti-skid aggregate was defined with SEM/EDX. The results of this study indicate that the particle size distribution is the most important property of anti-skid aggregates, and that the wearing process of asphalt pavement “is not homogenous” with friction and studded tyres, and with various anti-skid aggregates. The mechanical–mineralogical relationship between anti-skid and asphalt aggregates is one decisive factor in PM10 formation and these properties affect the proportions of PM10 (anti-skid vs asphalt aggregate). Friction tyres and anti-skid aggregates with lower average hardness compared to asphalt aggregate cannot wear harder minerals (e.g., quartz) of the pavement aggregate homogeneously.
Résumé
Une poussière se forme pendant l’hiver sur les routes urbaines lorsque les voitures utilisent des pneus cloutés et lorsque des granulats anti-dérapage sont écrasés par les pneus. Un simulateur équipé de pneus cloutés a été utilisé dans trois séries de tests afin d’étudier la formation de poussière résultant de l’interaction pneus sur chaussée, avec différents types de pneus et de matériaux anti-dérapage. Les granulats testés, issus du bedrock et de matériaux fluvio-glaciaires, présentaient des propriétés minéralogiques et pétrophysiques variées. Une attention particulière a été portée sur la granularité des matériaux anti-dérapage et sur les caractéristiques des granulats asphalt›es. Le rapport des quantit›es de particules de moins de 10 µm issues des granulats asphaltés versus celles issues des granulats anti-dérapage a été défini à l’aide d’un sédimentomètre SEM/EDX. Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que la granularité constitue la propriété la plus importante des granulats anti-dérapage. Ils montrent de plus que le processus d’usure du revˆetement asphalté << n’est pas homogène >> pour des pneus à friction ou cloutés, et pour divers granulats anti-d›erapage. Les relations minéralogiques et mécaniques propres aux granulats anti-dérapage et aux granulats asphaltés représentent un facteur décisif dans la définition du paramètre PM10 (rapport granulats anti-dérapage sur granulats asphaltés) et ces propriétés affectent ce paramétre. Les pneus à friction et les granulats anti-dérapage présentant avec une dureté moyenne plus basse que celle des granulats asphaltés ne peuvent pas user les minéraux durs (ex : le quartz) du revˆetement de chaussée de fa¸con homogéne.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank Veli Suominen (Geological Survey of Finland) for support and advice, Lars Forsten and Matti Mertamo from Lemminkäinen Corporation for providing the asphalt, the laboratory facilities and valuable consultations. The authors also wish to thank Harry Toivonen from Interrock Oy and Tuomas Laiho and Hanna Järvenpää from Lohja Rudus for providing materials and consultations, Timo Blomberg, Tapio Kärkkäinen and Kai Hämäläinen from the Fortum Corporation for their assistance in using the test facility, Tero Humaloja, Tarja Koskentalo and Päivi Aarnio from the Helsinki Metropolitan Council (YTV) for the use of particle collectors, Jari Viinanen from the Environmental Office of Helsinki and Tarja Lahtinen from the Ministry of the Environment for support. K. H. Renlund Foundation supported the present study financially; it was also part of the MOBILE2 research program that was funded by the Technical Research Center of Finland, the Ministry of Transport and Communications, the Ministry of the Environment, the Finnish Road Administration, the Helsinki Metropolitan Council and Licentia Ltd. The Helsinki Metropolitan Council, Nokian tyres plc, Tikka Group Oy supported the study financially. The authors grateful to Anthony Meadows for language revision.
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Räisänen, M., Kupiainen, K. & Tervahattu, H. The effect of mineralogy, texture and mechanical properties of anti-skid and asphalt aggregates on urban dust, stages II and lll. Bull Eng Geol Environ 64, 247–256 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-004-0267-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-004-0267-0
Mots clés
- Sédimentomètre
- Granulats asphaltés et anti-dérapage
- Méthode expérimentale des pneus cloutés
- Los Angeles
- Granularité
- Pétrographie
- PM10