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Assessment of groundwater exploitation in an aquifer using the random walk on grid method: a case study at Ordos, China

Evaluation de l’exploitation des eaux souterraines dans un aquifère en utilisant la méthode de la marche aléatoire sur grille: un cas d’étude dans l’Ordos, chine

Evaluación de la explotación de agua subterránea en un acuífero utilizando el método de camino aleatorio en cuadrícula: un estudio de Caso en Ordos, China

采用网格随机游动方法评价含水层地下水开采:中国鄂尔多斯的一个研究案例

Avaliação da explotação de águas subterrâneas em um aquífero utilizando passeio aleatório no método da grade: estudo de Caso em Ordos, China

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Abstract

Sustainability has been one of the key criteria of effective water exploitation. Groundwater exploitation and water-table decline at Haolebaoji water source site in the Ordos basin in NW China has drawn public attention due to concerns about potential threats to ecosystems and grazing land in the area. To better investigate the impact of production wells at Haolebaoji on the water table, an adapted algorithm called the random walk on grid method (WOG) is applied to simulate the hydraulic head in the unconfined and confined aquifers. This is the first attempt to apply WOG to a real groundwater problem. The method can not only evaluate the head values but also the contributions made by each source/sink term. One is allowed to analyze the impact of source/sink terms just as if one had an analytical solution. The head values evaluated by WOG match the values derived from the software Groundwater Modeling System (GMS). It suggests that WOG is effective and applicable in a heterogeneous aquifer with respect to practical problems, and the resultant information is useful for groundwater management.

Résumé

La durabilité est. un des critères clefs d’une exploitation efficace de l’eau. L’exploitation des eaux souterraines et le déclin du niveau piézométrique sur le site de source d’eau d’Haolebaoj dans le bassin de l’Ordos dans le NW de la Chine ont attiré l’attention du public en raison des menaces potentielles pour les écosystèmes et les zones de pâtures dans la région. Afin de mieux étudier l’impact des puits de production à Haolebaoji sur le niveau piézométrique, un algorithme adapté nommé la méthode de la marche aléatoire sur grille (MAG) est. appliqué pour simuler la charge hydraulique dans les aquifères libres et captifs. C’est. la première tentative d’application de MAG sur un problème réel hydrogéologique. Cette méthode peut non seulement évaluer les valeurs de la charge hydraulique mais aussi les contributions de chaque terme source/puits. Il est. permis d’analyzer l’impact des termes source/puits comme si on disposait d’une solution analytique. Les valeurs de charge hydraulique évaluées par MAG correspondent aux valeurs dérivées du logiciel de modélisation du système des eaux souterraines (GMS). Il est. suggéré que la méthode MAG est. efficace et applicable à un aquifère hétérogène avec des problèmes pratiques, et que l’information qui en résulte est. utile pour la gestion des eaux souterraines.

Resumen

La sostenibilidad ha sido uno de los criterios clave de la explotación eficaz del agua. La explotación del agua subterránea y la profundización de la capa freática en la fuente de agua de Haolebaoji en la cuenca de Ordos en el noroeste de China llamaron la atención del público debido a las preocupaciones sobre posibles amenazas a los ecosistemas y a las tierras de pastoreo en la zona. Para investigar mejor el impacto de los pozos de producción en Haolebaoji en la capa freática, se aplica un algoritmo adaptado llamado método de camino aleatorio en cuadrícula (WOG) para simular la carga hidráulica en los acuíferos confinados y no confinados. Este es el primer intento de aplicar WOG a un problema real de agua subterránea. El método no solo puede evaluar los valores de carga hidráulica sino también las contribuciones hechas por cada término de fuente/sumidero. Uno puede analizar el impacto de los términos fuente/sumidero como si uno tuviera una solución analítica. Los valores de carga hidráulica evaluados por WOG coinciden con los valores derivados del software Groundwater Modeling System (GMS). Se sugiere que WOG es eficaz y aplicable en un acuífero heterogéneo con respecto a problemas prácticos, y la información resultante es útil para la gestión del agua subterránea.

摘要

可持续性是有的地下水开采和效地下水开采的关键标准之一。中国西北地区鄂尔多斯盆地Haolebaoji水源地的地下水开采及水位下降引起了人们的关注,由于人们担心对本地区生态系统及放牧场地造成潜在的威胁。为了更好地研究Haolebaoji生产井对水位的影响,应用了一种被称为网格随机游动方法的调整算法来模拟非承压和承压含水层的水头。这是把网格随机游动方法应用到现实地下水问题中第一次尝试。该方法不仅能评估水头值,而且能评估各个源汇项做出的贡献。正如人们采用解析方法一样,人们可以分析源汇项的影响。由网格随机游动方法得到的评估水头值与软件地下水模拟系统得到的水头值非常吻合。这表明,网格随机游动方法在针对异质含水层中的实际问题非常有效和实用,相关的信息对于地下水管理非常有用。

Resumo

Sustentabilidade tem sido um dos critérios chave da explotação efetiva de água. A explotação de águas subterrâneas e a depleção da superfície freática no aquífero de Haolabaoji na bacia de Ordos no NO da China tem despertado a atenção da administração pública devido a riscos potenciais aos ecossistemas e às áreas de pastagens do local. O impacto do bombeamento de poços em Haolebaoji sobre a superfície freática, foi investigado por intermédio de um algoritmo adaptado chamado método de passeio aleatório em grade (random walk on grid - WOG) para simular as cargas hidráulicas em aquíferos livres e confinados. Esta é a primeira experiência com WOG aplicado a um problema real de escoamento de águas subterrâneas. O método é capaz de avaliar cargas hidráulicas bem como o balanço hídrico dos termos de fonte/sumidouro. Os resultados obtidos por WOG correspondem aos resultados obtidos pela solução numérica da equação geral do escoamento de águas subterrâneas, pelo programa Groundwater Modeling System (GMS). Este fato evidencia que WOG é efetivo e adequado em aquíferos heterogêneos considerando problemas práticos, e a informação resultante útil no gerenciamento de águas subterrâneas.

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Funding

This work is funded by the project “Hydrogeological investigation at 1:50 000 scale in the lake-concentrated areas of the northern Ordos Basin” of China Geological Survey (Grant No. DD20160293), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41602250) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 0206-14380032).

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Correspondence to Jichun Wu.

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Published in the special issue “Groundwater sustainability in fast-developing China”

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Nan, T., Li, K., Wu, J. et al. Assessment of groundwater exploitation in an aquifer using the random walk on grid method: a case study at Ordos, China. Hydrogeol J 26, 1669–1681 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1762-x

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