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Changes in hydrogeological properties of the River Choushui alluvial fan aquifer due to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan

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Abstract

Changes in hydrogeological properties of the River Choushui alluvial fan aquifer before and after the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, have been identified using pumping tests. Three wells, SH2, YL2 and SC2, located in a compressional zone with high coseismic groundwater levels, were tested. The threshold of the aquifer deformation with respect to transmissivity (T) is greater than that with respect to storage coefficient (S). Decreases in the post-earthquake S are approximately 60% at SH2 and SC2, indicating aquifer compression after the Chi-Chi earthquake. Changes in the post-earthquake T range from 61% increase to 0.8% decrease. Moreover, results from anisotropy analysis of T at SC2 further illustrate that normal stresses induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake have consolidated soil particles. Soil particles dilated laterally after the earthquake, resulting in an increase of the equivalent T. The changes in hydrogeological properties have a considerable influence on spatiotemporal fluid pressure and horizontal groundwater movement, resulting in different amounts of drawdown during post-earthquake pumping.

Résumé

Les changements des propriétés hydrogéologiques de l’aquifère des dépôts alluviaux de la rivière Choushui, avant et après le tremblement de terre de Chi-Chi en 1999 à Taiwan, ont été identifiés par essais de pompages. Trois puits, SH2, YL2 et SC2, localisés dans une zone de compression avec des niveaux d’eaux souterraines co-sismiques élevés, ont été testés. Le seuil de déformation de l’aquifère selon la transmissivité (T) est plus important que selon le coefficient d’emmagasinement (S). Les valeurs de Saprès le séisme ont diminué de 60% au niveau de SH2 et de SC2, ce qui indique une compression de l’aquifère après le séisme de Chi-Chi. Les changements de T sont compris entre une augmentation de 61% et une diminution de 0.8%. De plus, les résultats de l’analyse de l’anisotropie de T dans le SC2 illustrent que les tensions perpendiculaires induites par le séisme de Chi-Chi ont consolidé les particules du sol. Les particules de sol se sont dilatées latéralement à la suite du séisme, résultant en une augmentation de la transmissivité équivalente. Les changements des propriétés hydrogéologiques ont une influence considérable sur la pression spatio-temporelle des fluides et sur les mouvements horizontaux des eaux souterraines, ce qui se traduit par des amplitudes de rabattement différentes lors des essais de pompages menés après le séisme.

Resumen

Mediante pruebas de bombeo, se han identificado cambios en las propiedades hidrogeológicas del acuífero del abanico aluvial del Río Choushui, antes y después terremoto de Chi-Chi, Taiwán, en 1999. Se hicieron pruebas en tres pozos, SH2, YL2 y SC2, localizados en una zona compresiva con niveles cosísmicos altos de agua subterránea. El valor umbral de la deformación en el acuífero con respecto a la transmisividad (T) es mayor que respecto al coeficiente del almacenamiento (S). Las disminuciones en el valor de S, post-terremoto están aproximadamente en 60% en SH2 y SC2, indicando compresión del acuífero después del terremoto de Chi-Chi. Los cambios post-terremoto en T, van desde un aumento del 61% a una disminución del 0.8%. Es más, los resultados del análisis de anisotropía de T en SC2, ilustran mejor que las tensiones normales inducidas por el terremoto de Chi-Chi han consolidado las partículas del terreno. Las partículas del terreno se dilataron lateralmente después del terremoto, produciendo un aumento de T equivalente. Los cambios en las propiedades hidrogeológicas tienen una influencia considerable en la presión espacio-temporal del fluido y en el movimiento horizontal del agua subterránea, produciendo cantidades diferentes de abatimiento durante el bombeo post-terremoto.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China for financially supporting this research under contracts Nos. NSC 92-2313-B-002-104 and NSC 93-2313-B-002-031.

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Correspondence to Chen-Wuing Liu.

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Jang, CS., Liu, CW., Chia, Y. et al. Changes in hydrogeological properties of the River Choushui alluvial fan aquifer due to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan. Hydrogeol J 16, 389–397 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0233-6

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