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Localization of water bearing fractured zones in a hard rock area using integrated geophysical techniques in Andhra Pradesh, India

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Abstract

Knowledge of the existence of fracture zones, their extent, intensity and direction is very useful for assessing groundwater in hardrock regions and in this context geophysical methods are widely accepted as a powerful means of study. In the modern era of exploration, application of the Resistivity Imaging technique gives a new opportunity for groundwater study in hardrock regions. Exploration surveys were conducted at one of the important sites in Maheshwaram watershed, Andhra Pradesh, India with a multielectrode resistivity imaging system. To reduce the ambiguity of geophysical interpretation some complementary geophysical studies like ground Magnetic and VLF were also carried out.

A number of 2D resistivity images were prepared in a grid pattern, which clearly show the weathered and fractured zones in different parts of the study area. With the help of all 2D profiles a quasi-3D image has been created, which indicates the orientation and extension of the fracture zone in a horizontal as well as vertical direction in the study area. Strong agreement exists among the anomalies identified using the ground magnetic, VLF and resistivity imaging methods. The litholog data available in the study area also helps to interpret geophysical results to find a potential groundwater bearing zone in that area.

Résume

La présence des zones fracturées, leur extension ainsi que leur intensité et direction est très utile pour l’évaluation des eaux souterraines cantonnées dans les roches dures. Dans ce contexte, les méthodes géophysiques sont largement acceptées comme des instruments performants pour l’étude de ce type de problème. La technique de “Resistivity imaging” offre une perspective nouvelle pour la prospection des eaux souterraines cantonnées dans les massifs rocheux. On a utilisé la méthode des images résistives multi électrodes pour la prospection d’un site important dans le bassin versant de Andhra Paresh de l’Inde. Afin de réduire l’ambiguïté de l’interprétation géophysique on a utilisé aussi des méthodes complémentaires comme la magnetométrie et VLF. Des images de résistivité réalisées dans des réseaux bidimensionnelles ont mis en évidence avec beaucoup de clarté les zones altérées et fracturées dans le site étudié. En utilisant toute les coupes 2D on a réalisé une image quasi-3D qui indique l’orientation et l’extension de la zone fracturé dans les plans verticaux et horizontaux. Il y a un bon accord entre les anomalies identifiées par la magnétométrie, la VLF et la méthode des images résistive. Les données de litholog disponibles dans la zone étudiée permettent de mieux interpréter les résultats géophysiques pour mettre en évidence les potentielles hydrostructures dans le site étudié.

Resumen

El conocimiento de la existencia de zonas de fractura, su extensión, intensidad y dirección, es muy útil para evaluar el agua subterránea en regiones con rocas duras y en este contexto los métodos geofísicos son ampliamente aceptados como medios de estudio poderosos. En la era moderna de la exploración, la aplicación de la técnica de proyección de imágenes de resistividad, da una nueva oportunidad para el estudio del agua subterranean en regiones con rocas duras. Las investigaciones exploratorias fueron ejecutadas en uno de los sitos importantes en la cuenca de Maheshwaram,Andhra Pradesh, india, con un sistema multielectródico de resistividad con proyección de imágenes. Para reducir la ambigüedad en la interpretación geofísica, también fueron ejecutados algunos estudios geofísicos complementarios, como magnetometría de superficie y VLF.

Un número de imágenes de resistividad 2D se preparó en forma reticular, las cuales muestran de manera clara las zonas fracturadas y meteorizadas en diferentes partes del área de estudio. Con la ayuda de todos los perfiles 2D, fue creada una cuasi - imagen 3D, la cual indica para el área de estudio, la orientación y extensión de la zona de fracturas, tanto en dirección horizontal, como en la vertical. Hay una fuerte coincidencia entre las anomalías identificadas mediante el uso de la magnetometría de superficie, el método VLF y el de la proyección de imágenes de resistividad. La información litológica que se pudo obtener en el área de estudio, también ayudó a interpretar los resultados geofísicos, para encontrar en ésta área una zona que potencialmente contenga agua subterránea.

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Acknowledgement

The Authors express their thanks to the Director, NGRI for his kind permission for carrying out the study. This work was carried out in a project partly funded by the Indo-French Center for Advance Research (IFCPAR), New Delhi

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Correspondence to Sushobhan Dutta.

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Dutta, S., Krishnamurthy, N.S., Arora, T. et al. Localization of water bearing fractured zones in a hard rock area using integrated geophysical techniques in Andhra Pradesh, India. Hydrogeol J 14, 760–766 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0460-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-005-0460-7

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