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Measuring the coefficient of restitution for all six degrees of freedom

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Abstract

The coefficient of restitution is a cornerstone empirical parameter of any model where energy is dissipated by particle collisions. However, completely determining this parameter experimentally is challenging, as upon collision, a particle’s material properties (such as roughness, sphericity and shape) or minor imperfections, can cause energy to be shifted to other translational or rotational components. When all degrees of freedom are not resolved, these shifts in energy can easily be mistaken for dissipated energy, affecting the derivation of the coefficient of restitution. In the past, these challenges have been highlighted by a large scatter in values of experimental data for the restitution coefficient. In the present study, a novel experimental procedure is presented, determining all six degrees of freedom of a single, spherical, nylon particle, dropped on a glass plate. This study highlights that only by using all six degrees of freedom, can a single reliable and consistent coefficient of restitution be obtained for all cases and between subsequent collisions.

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Acknowledgements

The first author funding provided by Oakridge Institute for Science and Education. Second author with funding in part through the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK (Grant No. R/147129).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Roxby Building, 74 Bedford St., Liverpool, L69 7ZT, UK

    J. E. Higham

  2. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, UK

    P. Shepley

  3. National Energy Technology Laboratories, US Department of Energy, Collins Ferry Way, Morgantown, WV, USA

    M. Shahnam

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  1. J. E. Higham
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  2. P. Shepley
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  3. M. Shahnam
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Correspondence to J. E. Higham.

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Higham, J.E., Shepley, P. & Shahnam, M. Measuring the coefficient of restitution for all six degrees of freedom. Granular Matter 21, 15 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-019-0871-0

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