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Comparative cardiometabolic risk of antipsychotics in children, adolescents and young adults

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Abstract

Understanding different cardiometabolic safety profiles of antipsychotics helps avoid unintended outcomes among young patients. We conducted a population-based study to compare cardiometabolic risk among different antipsychotics in children, adolescents and young adults. From Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database, 2001–2013, we identified two patient cohorts aged 5–18 (children and adolescents) and 19–30 (young adults), diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and newly receiving antipsychotics, including haloperidol and sulpiride, and second generation antipsychotics (SGA, including olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, amisulpride, aripiprazole, paliperidone, and ziprasidone). Risperidone users were considered the reference group. We analyzed electronic medical records from seven hospitals in Taiwan and confirmed findings with validation analyses of identical design. Primary outcomes were composite cardiometabolic events, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and major adverse cardiovascular events. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models compared cardiometabolic risk among antipsychotics. Among 29,030 patients aged 5–18 and 50,359 patients aged 19–30 years, we found 1200 cardiometabolic event cases during the total follow-up time of 37,420 person-years with an incidence of 32.1 per 1000 person-years. Compared to risperidone, olanzapine was associated with a significantly higher risk of cardiometabolic events in young adults (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% CIs 1.13–2.18) but not in children and adolescents (1.85; 0.79–4.32). Specifically, we found young adult patients receiving haloperidol (1.52; 1.06–2.20) or olanzapine (1.75; 1.18–2.61) had higher risk of hypertension compared with risperidone users. Results from validation analyses concurred with main analyses. Antipsychotics’ various risk profiles for cardiometabolic events merit consideration when selecting appropriate regimes. Due to cardiometabolic risk, we suggest clinicians may consider to select alternative antipsychotics to olanzapine in children, adolescents and young adults.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the advice from members of the study group.

Funding

This study received a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (106-2320-B-006-025-MY2), which had no role in design, analysis, interpretation, reporting of results or the decision to develop this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, 701, Tainan, Taiwan

    Ying-Shan Chung, Shih-Chieh Shao, Chien-Chou Su, Yea-Huei Kao Yang & Edward Chia-Cheng Lai

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan

    Ying-Shan Chung

  3. Department of Pharmacy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan

    Shih-Chieh Shao

  4. Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan

    Mei-Hong Chi

  5. Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Swu-Jane Lin

  6. Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University and Hospital, Tainan and Dou-Liu, Taiwan

    Yen-Kuang Yang

  7. Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan

    Edward Chia-Cheng Lai

Authors
  1. Ying-Shan Chung
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  2. Shih-Chieh Shao
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  3. Mei-Hong Chi
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  4. Swu-Jane Lin
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  5. Chien-Chou Su
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  6. Yea-Huei Kao Yang
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  7. Yen-Kuang Yang
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  8. Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
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Contributions

All authors contributed to study design and interpretation of data. EC-CL and S-CS acquired the database. EC-CL, Y-SC, S-CS and C-CS had the main responsibility for statistical analysis. EC-CL, Y-SC and S-CS wrote the manuscript, and all authors reviewed and commented on drafts and approved the final manuscript and the decision to submit for publication. EC-CL is guarantor, accept full responsibility for the research, had access to the data and controlled the decision to publish.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Edward Chia-Cheng Lai.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests relevant to this article.

Ethical standards

The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of National Cheng Kung University (HREC-E-105-236-2) and Chang Gung Medical Foundation (201801493B0).

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Chung, YS., Shao, SC., Chi, MH. et al. Comparative cardiometabolic risk of antipsychotics in children, adolescents and young adults. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30, 769–783 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01560-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01560-1

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