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Flexural strength, surface roughness, micro-CT analysis, and microbiological adhesion of a 3D-printed temporary crown material

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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the thermocycling effect of 3D-printed resins on flexural strength, surface roughness, microbiological adhesion, and porosity.

Materials and methods

150 bars (8 × 2 × 2 mm) and 100 blocks (8 × 8 × 2 mm) were made and divided into 5 groups, according to two factors: “material” (AR: acrylic resin, CR: composite resin, BIS: bis-acryl resin, CAD: CAD/CAM resin, and PRINT: 3D-printed resin) and “aging” (non-aged and aged – TC). Half of them were subjected to thermocycling (10,000 cycles). The bars were subjected to mini-flexural strength (σ) test (1 mm/min). All the blocks were subjected to roughness analysis (Ra/Rq/Rz). The non-aged blocks were subjected to porosity analysis (micro-CT; n = 5) and fungal adherence (n = 10). Data were statistically analyzed (one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA; Tukey’s test, α = 0.05).

Results

For σ, “material” and “aging” factors were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The BIS (118.23 ± 16.26A) presented a higher σ and the PRINT group (49.87 ± 7.55E) had the lowest mean σ. All groups showed a decrease in σ after TC, except for PRINT. The CRTC showed the lowest Weibull modulus. The AR showed higher roughness than BIS. Porosity revealed that the AR (1.369%) and BIS (6.339%) presented the highest porosity, and the CAD (0.002%) had the lowest porosity. Cell adhesion was significantly different between the CR (6.81) and CAD (6.37).

Conclusion

Thermocycling reduced the flexural strength of most provisional materials, except for 3D-printed resin. However, it did not influence the surface roughness. The CR showed higher microbiological adherence than CAD group. The BIS group reached the highest porosity while the CAD group had the lowest values.

Clinical relevance

3D-printed resins are promising materials for clinical applications because they have good mechanical properties and low fungal adhesion.

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Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Science and Technology Institute of the State University of São Paulo (UNESP), São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil, for their support in thermocycling test.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Rio, Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil

    Anne Kaline Claudino Ribeiro, Rodrigo Falcão Carvalho Porto de Freitas, Isabelle Helena Gurgel de Carvalho, Larissa Mendonça de Miranda, Nathália Ramos da Silva, Adriana da Fonte Porto Carreiro & Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e Souza

  2. Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Health Science Center, Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, CEP, 58051-900, Brazil

    Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida

  3. School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Yu Zhang

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Contributions

Anne Kaline Claudino Ribeiro, Rodrigo Falcão Carvalho Porto de Freitas, and Isabelle Helena Gurgel de Carvalho: methodology, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, writing—original draft; Larissa Mendonça de Miranda and Nathália Ramos da Silva and Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida: formal analysis, data curation; Adriana da Fonte Porto Carreiro: writing—review and editing, formal analysis; supervision, data curation; Yu Zhang: writing—review and editing, visualization, supervision; Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e Souza: conceptualization, writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration and funding acquisition.

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Ribeiro, A.K.C., de Freitas, R.F.C.P., de Carvalho, I.H.G. et al. Flexural strength, surface roughness, micro-CT analysis, and microbiological adhesion of a 3D-printed temporary crown material. Clin Oral Invest 27, 2207–2220 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-04941-3

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