Analysis of facial features and prediction of lip position in skeletal class III malocclusion adult patients undergoing surgical-orthodontic treatment

Clinical Oral Investigations (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Objectives

This study presents a retrospective study aimed to analyze the facial features at each stage of surgical-orthodontic treatment for skeletal class III malocclusion, and predict the changes in the lips after treatment.

Materials and methods

There were 49 skeletal class III malocclusion patients treated with bimaxillary surgery and orthodontic treatment enrolled in this study. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before treatment (T0), 1 month before surgery (T1), 1 month after surgery (T2), and after debonding (T3) for cephalometric measurements. After the measurement of the required variables, paired t-test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were performed using SPSS 19.0.

Results

The main factors associated with changes in the upper lip included ΔUIE-V, ΔA-V, ΔU1A-V, and ΔL1A-V, and those associated with changes in the lower lip included ΔLIE-V, ΔL1A-V, ΔB-V, ΔPog-V, and Δfacial angle. The predicted regression equation for the horizontal change in the upper lip was represented as ΔUL-vertical reference line (VRL) = 9.430 + 0.779 (ΔUIE-VRL) − 0.542(VULT) (P < 0.05) with a mean error of 1.04 mm; the corresponding equation for the lower lip was ΔLL-VRL = −1.670 + 0.530 (ΔB-VRL) + 0.360 (Ls-E) + 0.393 (ΔLIE-VRL) (P < 0.05), with a mean error of 1.51 mm.

Conclusions

This study explored the relationship between orthognathic surgery and changes in the lips and obtained the predictive equations of lip position after treatment by using multiple linear regression, which likely offers a reference for prediction of soft tissue changes before surgical-orthodontic treatment in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion.

Clinical relevance

The findings can help dentists to rapidly predict the lip changes after surgical-orthodontic treatment in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion. The study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration (No: ChiCTR1800017694).

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Abbreviations

CBCT:

cone beam computed tomography

HRL:

the horizontal reference line

ICC:

intra-group correlation coefficient

Li:

labrale inferius

LIA:

the root apex of the lower central incisor

LIE:

the incisal edge of the lower central incisor

LL:

lower lip

Prn:

pronasale

SPSS:

Statistical Product and Service Solutions

UIA:

the root apex of the upper central incisor

UIE:

the incisal edge of the upper central incisor

UL:

upper lip

VRL:

the vertical reference line

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51672009), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7172241), National Natural Science Founds for Outstanding Young Scholars of China (81922019), and National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program (QNBJ2019-3).

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Author notes

  1. Wenhsuan Lu and Guangying Songare the first authors who contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Wenhsuan Lu, Guangying Song, Qiannan Sun, Liying Peng, Yunfan Zhang, Bing Han & Jiuxiang Lin

  2. The Third Dental Clinic, Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Wenhsuan Lu

  3. Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    Yan Wei

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  1. Wenhsuan Lu
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Correspondence to Yan Wei or Bing Han.

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Lu, W., Song, G., Sun, Q. et al. Analysis of facial features and prediction of lip position in skeletal class III malocclusion adult patients undergoing surgical-orthodontic treatment. Clin Oral Invest (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03830-x

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Keywords

  • Skeletal class III malocclusion
  • Orthognathic surgery
  • Multiple linear regression
  • Cephalometric analyses
  • Lip morphology