A comparative study of initial changes in pulpal blood flow between conventional and self-ligating fixed orthodontic brackets during leveling and alignment stage

Clinical Oral Investigations volume 25, pages971–981(2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Objectives

To evaluate and compare the initial changes in pulpal blood flow (PBF) between conventional and self-ligating fixed orthodontic brackets during leveling and alignment stage using 0.016 × 0.022 NiTi as alignment archwire.

Materials and methods

Twenty-two patients (16 females and 6 males) aged 19.00 ± 2.53 years who presented with mild lower arch crowding were selected to participate in the study. A split mouth study design was applied for each patient. The intervention (self-ligating brackets) was randomly allocated to the right or left side of the patient using the permuted random block size of 2 with 1:1 allocation ratio. Two different fixed appliance brackets were used in the lower arch (self-ligating brackets on one side and conventional brackets on the other side of the same patients. Two alignment archwires; 0.016″ NiTi and 0.016 × 0.022″ NiTi were used in this study. PBF was measured for the lower right and left sides using laser Doppler flowmetry at different time intervals (20 min, 24 h, 72 h, 1 week, and 1 month)

Results

PBF started to decrease 20 min after insertion of both archwires using both types of brackets. Maximum decrease was reached after 72 h of archwire insertion. After 1 week of force application, PBF started to increase to restore its original values after 1 month. Differences between the 2 groups were not significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

In both treatment groups, PBF reduced within 48 h. PBF started to increase after 1 week until it reached its original values after 1 month. Changes in PBF at the measured time intervals in the two groups were similar.

Clinical relevance

The use of 0.016 × 0.022″ NiTi immediately after 0.016″ NiTi for alignment does not produce any damaging effect on the teeth.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

US$ 39.95

Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

References

  1. 1.

    Krishnan V, Park Y, Davidovitch Z (2009) Biology of orthodontic tooth movement: an overview. In: Krishnan V, Davidovitch Z (eds) Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement. Chichester, Wiley-Blackwell, pp 19–43

    Google Scholar 

  2. 2.

    Alhashimi N, Frithiof L, Brudvik P, Bakhiet M (2001) Orthodontic tooth movement and de novo synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 119:307–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. 3.

    Hemingway R, Williams RL, Hunt JA, Rudge SJ (2001) The influence of bracket type on the force delivery of Ni-Ti archwires. Eur J Orthod 23:233–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. 4.

    Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, Ricciardi A, Scribante A, Klersy C, Auricchio F (2003) Evaluation of friction of stainless steel and esthetic self-ligating brackets in various bracket-archwire combination. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 124:395–402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. 5.

    Ordasco G, Farronato G, Festa F, Nucera R, Parazzoli E, Grossi GB (2009) In vitro evaluation of the frictional forces between brackets and archwire with three passive self-ligating brackets. Eur J Orthod 31(6):643–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. 6.

    Gandini P, Orsi L, Bertoncini C, Massironi S, Franchi L (2008) In vitro frictional forces generated by three different ligation methods. Angle Orthod 78(5):917–921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. 7.

    Husmann P, Bourauel C, Wessinger M, Jäger A (2002) The frictional behavior of coated guiding archwires. J Orofac Orthop 63:199–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. 8.

    Smith DV, Rossouw PE, Watson P (2003) Quantified simulation of canine retraction: evaluation of frictional resistance. Semin Orthod 9:262–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. 9.

    Griffiths HS, Sherriff M, Ireland AJ (2005) Resistance to sliding with 3 types of elastomeric modules. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 127:670–675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. 10.

    Henao SP, Kusy RP (2004) Evaluation of the frictional resistance of conventional and self-ligating bracket designs using standardized archwires and dental typodonts. Angle Orthod 74:202–211

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. 11.

    Reicheneder CA, Baumert U, Gedrange T, Proff P, Faltermeier A, Muessig D (2007) Frictional properties of aesthetic brackets. Eur J Orthod 29:359–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. 12.

    Kim TK, Kim KD, Baek SH (2008) Comparison of frictional forces during the initial leveling stage in various combinations of self-ligating brackets and archwires with a custom-designed typodont system. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 133:187–e15–187–e24

    Google Scholar 

  13. 13.

    Tecco S, Di Lorio D, Cordasco G, Verrocchi I, Festa F (2007) An in vitro investigation of the influence of self-ligating brackets, low friction ligatures, and archwire on frictional resistance. Eur J Orthod 29:390–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. 14.

    Kasuya S, Nagasaka S, Hanyuada A, Ishimura S, Hirashita A (2007) The effect of ligation on the load-deflection characteristics of nickel-titanium orthodontic wire. Eur J Orthod 29:578–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. 15.

    Petersen A, Rosenstein S, Kim KB, Israel H (2009) Force decay of elastomeric ligatures: influence on unloading force compared to self-ligation. Angle Orthod 79:934–938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. 16.

    Sano Y, Ikawa M, Sugawara J, Horiuchi H, Mitani H (2002) The effect of continuous intrusive force on human pulpal blood flow. Eur J Orthod 24:159–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. 17.

    Sabuncuoglu FA, Ersahan S (2014) Changes in maxillary incisor dental pulp blood flow during intrusion by mini-implants. Acta Odontol Scand 72:489–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. 18.

    Gazelius B, Lindh-StroMberg U, Pettersson H, Oberg PA (1993) Laser Doppler technique–a future diagnostic tool for tooth pulp vitality. Int Endod J 26:8–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. 19.

    Franchi L, Baccetti T, Camporesi M, Giuntini V (2009) Forces released by nonconventional bracket or ligature systems during alignment of buccally displaced teeth. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 136:e1–e6 316–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. 20.

    Hamersky PA, Weimer AD, Taintor JF (1980) The effect of orthodontic force application on the pulpal tissue respiration rate in human premolar. Am J Orthod 77:368–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. 21.

    Gopikrishna V, Tinagupta K, Kandaswamy D (2007) Comparison of electrical, thermal, and pulse oximetry methods for assessing pulp vitality in recently traumatized teeth. J Endod 33(5):531–535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. 22.

    Fratkin RD, Kenny DJ, Johnston DH (1999) Evaluation of a laser Doppler flowmeter to assess blood flow in human primary incisor teeth. Pediatr Dent 21:53–56

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. 23.

    Jafarzadeh H (2009) Laser Doppler flowmetry in endodontics: a review. Int Endod J 42:476–490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. 24.

    Jafarzadeh H, Rosenberg PA (2009) Pulse oximetry: review of a potential aid in endodontic diagnosis. J Endod 35:329–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. 25.

    Baccetti T, Franchi L, Camporesi M, Defraia E, Barbato E (2009) Forces produced by different nonconventional bracket or ligature systems during alignment of apically displaced teeth. Angle Orthod 79:533–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. 26.

    Brodin P, Linge L, Aars H (1996) Instant assessment of pulpal blood flow after orthodontic force application. J Orofac Orthop 57:306–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. 27.

    Soo-Ampon S, Vongsavan N, Soo-Ampon M, Chuckpaiwong S, Matthews B (2013) The sources of laser Doppler blood-flow signals recorded from human teeth. Arch Oral Biol 48:353–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. 28.

    Salles AW, Salles AM, Nogueira GE (2013) Laser doppler blood-flow signals from human teeth during an alignment and leveling movement using a superelastic archwire. ISRN Dent. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/102816 Published online 2013 Sep 19

  29. 29.

    Pandis N, Polychronopoulou A, Eliades T (2007) Self-ligating vs conventional brackets in the treatment of mandibular crowding: a prospective clinical trial of treatment duration and dental effects. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 132:208–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. 30.

    Iwasaki LR, Beatty MW, Randall CJ (2003) Nickel JC (2003). Clinical ligation forces and intraoral friction during sliding on a stainless steel archwire. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 123:408–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. 31.

    Burrow SJ (2009) Friction and resistance to sliding in orthodontics: a critical review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 135:442–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. 32.

    Pandis N, Eliades T, Bourauel C (2009) Comparative assessment of forces generated during simulated alignment with self-ligating and conventional brackets. Eur J Orthod 31:590–595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. 33.

    Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP (2001) Resistance to sliding of self-ligating brackets versus conventional stainless steel twin brackets with second-order angulation in the dry and wet (saliva) states. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 120:361–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. 34.

    Sander C, Sander FM, Sander FG (2006) The behavior of the periodontal ligament is influencing the use of new treatment tools. J Oral Rehabil 33:706–711

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The study was supported by the deanship of research at Jordan University of Science and Technology, research grant number (236/2016).

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan

    Elham S. Abu Alhaija

  2. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan

    Nessrin A. Taha

Authors
  1. Elham S. Abu Alhaija
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nessrin A. Taha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nessrin A. Taha.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the institutional ethics and research committee at Jordan University of science and technology, and it is registered with clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT NCT03780764

Informed consent

A written informed consent was obtained from all participants before the treatment.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abu Alhaija, E.S., Taha, N.A. A comparative study of initial changes in pulpal blood flow between conventional and self-ligating fixed orthodontic brackets during leveling and alignment stage. Clin Oral Invest 25, 971–981 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03386-2

Download citation

Keywords

  • Pulpal blood flow
  • Self-ligating
  • Fixed orthodontics
  • Leveling and alignment stage