Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of a brush-off patch containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide, which is a new over-the-counter (OTC) product for tooth whitening, and determine the optimal protocol for use.
Materials and methods
We performed an in vitro study using hydroxyapatite specimens and a clinical trial involving 140 volunteers. The brush-off patch was applied to the specimens (in vitro) or the maxillary anterior teeth (in vivo; 14 days) for 10 min twice daily (case 10 group) or 30 min once daily (case 30 group). We also included control groups in both experiments. Lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values were measured using a colorimeter. In the in vivo study, color changes were measured at baseline and 7 and 14 days after the start of patch application. The overall color change (ΔE) was statistically analyzed.
Results
In the in vitro study, the color change (ΔE*) after the experiment was significantly different between the two case groups and the control group (p < 0.001). In the in vivo study, the case groups showed color changes at both 7 and 14 days after patch application. In particular, the change in the case 30 group was significantly more prominent on day 14 than on day 7 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that brush-off patches containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide are effective OTC products for tooth whitening.
Clinical relevance
For best results, brush-off patches containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide can be applied once daily for 30 min.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lee YK, Lee HS, Kim SN, Lee SJ, Bang KS (1996) Effect of tooth whitener on the color and microhardness of human enamel in vitro. Korean J Health Edu Promot 13:167–183
Baratieri LN, Ritter AV, Monteiro S Jr (1995) Non-vital tooth bleaching: guidelines for the clinician. Quintessence Int 26:597–608
Haywood VB, Heymann HO (1989) Night guard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int 20:173–176
Heymann HO (2005) Tooth whitening: facts and fallacies. Br Dent J 198:514–523
de Fátima Carvalho Vasconcelos M, Fonseca-Gonçalves A, de Franca AKA, de Medeiros UV, Maia LC, Queiroz CS (2017) An in vitro evaluation of human enamel surfaces subjected to erosive challenge after bleaching. J Esthet Restor Dent 29:128–136
Clark DM, Hintz J (1998) Case report: in-office tooth whitening procedure with 35% carbamide peroxide evaluated by the Minolta CR-321 Chroma meter. J Esthet Dent 10:37–42
Gerlach RW (2002) Whitening paradigms 1 year later: introduction of a novel professional tooth-bleaching system. Compend Contin Educ Dent 23(1A):4–8
Gerlach RW, Sagel PA, Jeffers MJ, Zhou X (2002) Effect of peroxide concentration and brushing on whitening clinical response. Compend Contin Edu Dent 23(1A):16–21
Serraglio CR, Zanella L, Dalla-Vecchia KB, Rodrigues-Junior SA (2015) Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter whitening strips as compared to home-whitening with 10% carbamide peroxide gel-systematic review of RCTs and metaanalysis. Clin Oral Investig 20:1–14
Shin HE, Im SU, Kim EK, Kim JH, Ahn SJ, Choi YH, Song KB (2016) Effects of a whitening strip combined with a desensitizing primer on tooth color. J Korean Acad Oral Health 40:31–37
Addy M, Moran J (1985) Extrinsic tooth discoloration by metals and chlorhexidine: II. Clinical staining produced by chlorhexidine, iron and tea. Br Dent J 159:331–334
Pearson H (1958) Bleaching of the discolored pulpless tooth. J Am Dent Assoc 56:64–68
Swift EJ Jr, Heymann HO, Wilder AD Jr, Barker ML, Gerlach RW (2009) Effects of duration of whitening strip treatment on tooth color: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Dent 37(Suppl 1):E51–E56
Haywood VB (1991) Overview and status of mouthguard bleaching. J Esthet Dent 3:157–161
O’Brien WJ, Hemmendinger H, Boenke KM, Linger JB, Groh CL (1997) Color distribution of three regions of extracted human teeth. Dent Mater 13:179–185
Cibirka RM, Myers M, Downey MC (1999) Clinical study of tooth shade lightening from dentist-supervised patient-applied treatment with two 10% carbamide peroxide gels. J Esthet Dent 11:325–356
Kielbassa AM (2006) Tooth bleaching-increasing patients’ dental awareness. Quintessence Int 37:673
Haywood VB (1992) History, safety and effectiveness of current whitening techniques and applications of the nightguard vital whitening technique. Quintesssence Int 23:471–488
Lee HJ, Jeon ES (2006) A research on the questionnaires about Busan citizens understanding of the tooth whitening. J Korea Soc Dent Hyg 6:79–91
Moraes RR, Marimon JL, Schneider LF, Correr Sobrinho L, Camacho GB, Bueno M (2006) Carbamide peroxide bleaching agents: effects on surface roughness of enamel, composite and porcelain. Clin Oral Investig 10:23–28
Hasson H, Ismail AI, Neiva G (2007) Home-based chemically induced whitening of teeth in adults. Aust Dent J 52:71–72
Auschill TM, Hellwig E, Schmidale S, Sculean A, Arweiler NB (2005) Efficacy, side-effects and patients’ acceptance of different bleaching techniques (OTC, in-office, at-home). Oper Dent 30:156–163
Oliveira GM, Miguez PA, Oliveira GB, Swift EJ Jr, Farrell S, Anastasia MK, Conde E, Walter R (2013) Safety and efficacy of a high-adhesion whitening strip under extended wear regimen. J Dent 41:46–52
Acknowledgments
We thank all the participants of this study and Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing and publication support. We also thank LG H&H and the researchers for their efforts.
Funding
The authors do not have any financial interest in the companies whose materials are included in this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
The study has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee (Daegu, South Korea; approval no. 2016-0093). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jung, YS., Jo, HY., Ahn, JH. et al. In vivo and in vitro assessment of the bleaching effectiveness of a brush-off patch containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide. Clin Oral Invest 23, 2667–2673 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2675-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2675-8