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Gingival crevicular fluid levels of human beta-defensin-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis

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Abstract

Objectives

Human β-defensin (hBD)-1 is an important gatekeeper of the gingiva against constant bacterial challenge, and glucose levels are involved in its optimal expression. The aims of the study were to investigate hBD-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and to compare these levels between type 2 diabetics with or without periodontitis and healthy individuals.

Materials and methods

Altogether, 81 subjects were included in the study: 21 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffering from generalized periodontitis (T2DM + GP), 18 systemically healthy generalized periodontitis patients (GP), 18 periodontally healthy T2DM subjects (T2DM + H), and 24 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects (control). Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded, and GCF samples were collected. hBD-1 levels in GCF were measured using ELISA.

Results

hBD-1 levels were significantly reduced in the T2DM + GP and GP groups. Although PI and GI scores were similar in both periodontally healthy groups, hBD-1 levels were lower in the T2DM + H group. In the whole population, hBD-1 levels correlated negatively with all periodontal parameters.

Conclusions

Both diabetes and periodontitis affect hBD-1 levels in GCF.

Clinical relevance

The altered levels of hBD-1 in GCF of diabetics might be associated with the susceptibility of diabetics to periodontitis.

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Fig. 1

Notes

  1. PCP-15, HuFriedy, Chicago, IL, USA

  2. Orthopantomograph OP 100, Sirona Orthophos XG5, NY, USA

  3. Periopaper, Interstate Drug Exchange, Amityville, NY, USA

  4. Periotron 8000, Oraflow Inc., Plainview, NY, USA

  5. EiAAb/Uscn, Wuhan, China

Abbreviations

hBD:

Human beta-defensins

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

T1DM:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

GCF:

Gingival crevicular fluid

GP:

Generalized periodontitis

PI:

Plaque index

GI:

Gingival index

PPD:

Probing pocket depth

CAL:

Clinical attachment level

HbA1c:

Glycated hemoglobin A1c

p38MAPK:

Bleeding time, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases

AGE:

Advanced glycation end product

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Funding

This study was supported by the Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Units in Ankara, Turkey (No: 013 D09 201 001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey

    Dogukan Yilmaz, Feriha Caglayan & Guliz N. Guncu

  2. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sakarya, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey

    Dogukan Yilmaz

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey

    Esra Buber & Yasemin Aksoy

  4. Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

    Eija Könönen & Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy

  5. Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland

    Eija Könönen

Authors
  1. Dogukan Yilmaz
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  2. Feriha Caglayan
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  3. Esra Buber
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  4. Eija Könönen
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  5. Yasemin Aksoy
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  6. Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy
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  7. Guliz N. Guncu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dogukan Yilmaz.

Ethics declarations

The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (Protocol no: GO 13/352-14) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration 1975, as revised in 2000. Oral and written information about the study protocol were given to eligible participants. An informed consent was obtained from all subjects who were willing to participate in our study.

Conflict of interest

Dogukan Yilmaz declares that he has no conflict of interest. Feriha Caglayan declares that she has no conflict of interest. Esra Buber declares that she has no conflict of interest. Eija Könönen declares that she has no conflict of interest. Yasemin Aksoy declares that she has no conflict of interest. Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy declares that he has no conflict of interest. Guliz N. Guncu declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of Ethics Committee of the Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey (Protocol no: GO 13/352-14), and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Yilmaz, D., Caglayan, F., Buber, E. et al. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of human beta-defensin-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Clin Oral Invest 22, 2135–2140 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2469-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2469-z

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