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Assessing oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: a systematic review and standardized comparison of available instruments

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Abstract

Objectives

To obtain a systematic and standardized evaluation of the current evidence on development process, metric properties, and administration issues of oral health-related quality of life instruments available for children and adolescents.

Materials and methods

A systematic search until October 2016 was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, SciELO, and Cochrane databases. Articles with information regarding the development process, metric properties, and administration issues of pediatric instruments measuring oral health-related quality of life were eligible for inclusion. Two researchers independently evaluated each instrument applying the Evaluating Measures of Patient-Reported Outcomes (EMPRO) tool. An overall and seven attribute-specific EMPRO scores were calculated (range 0–100, worst to best): measurement model, reliability, validity, responsiveness, interpretability, burden, and alternative forms.

Results

We identified 18 instruments evaluated in 132 articles. From five instruments designed for preschoolers, the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) obtained the highest overall EMPRO score (82.2). Of nine identified for schoolchildren and adolescents, the best rated instrument was the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14 (82.1). Among the four instruments developed for any age, the Family Impact Scale (FIS) obtained the highest scores (80.3).

Conclusion

The evidence supports the use of the ECOHIS for preschoolers, while the age is a key factor when choosing among the four recommended instruments for schoolchildren and adolescents. Instruments for specific conditions, symptoms, or treatments need further research on metric properties.

Clinical relevance

Our results facilitate decision-making on the correct oral health-related quality of life instrument selection for any certain study purpose and population during the childhood and adolescence life cycle.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Aurea Martin for her help in the English editing process and figure edition of this manuscript.

Funding

Carlos Zaror is a PhD candidate in Methodology of Biomedical Research and Public Health program, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Ma. José Martínez is funded by a Miguel Servet research contract from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and European Social Fund (CP15/00116).

Montse Ferrer is partially funded by the Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa, Generalitat de Catalunya (2014 SGR 748).

This project was funded by a grant from the Convenio de Desempeño Regional, FRO 1301, Universidad de La Frontera, No. UNT15-0012.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Manuel Montt No. 112, Temuco, Chile

    Carlos Zaror & Patricia Muñoz-Millán

  2. Center for Research in Epidemiology, Economics and Oral Public Health (CIEESPO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    Carlos Zaror, Gerardo Espinoza-Espinoza & Patricia Muñoz-Millán

  3. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Carlos Zaror, Yolanda Pardo & Montse Ferrer

  4. Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain

    Yolanda Pardo, Àngels Pont, Gemma Vilagut, Carlos G. Forero, Olatz Garin, Jordi Alonso & Montse Ferrer

  5. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain

    Yolanda Pardo, Àngels Pont, María José Martínez-Zapata, Gemma Vilagut, Carlos G. Forero, Olatz Garin, Jordi Alonso & Montse Ferrer

  6. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

    Gerardo Espinoza-Espinoza

  7. Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain

    María José Martínez-Zapata

  8. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain

    Carlos G. Forero, Olatz Garin & Jordi Alonso

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  1. Carlos Zaror
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Zaror, C., Pardo, Y., Espinoza-Espinoza, G. et al. Assessing oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: a systematic review and standardized comparison of available instruments. Clin Oral Invest 23, 65–79 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2406-1

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