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The Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS): assessment of reproducibility and observer variability

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Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to validate the reproducibility and observer variability of the Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS), while considering the level of dental experience for intra- and inter-examiner analysis.

Materials and methods

A total of 44 examiners (n = 31 undergraduate dental students and n = 13 postgraduate prosthodontic students) applied FIPS to ten sample cases each showing one implant-supported single crown for premolar or molar replacements. Examiners’ assessments were carried out twice at an interval of 2 weeks (round A and round B). Pearson’s correlations including 95% confidence intervals (CI95) were calculated for intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility testing. Cohen’s Kappa score was additionally used to analyze the homogeneity of each FIPS variable.

Results

The mean values of the total FIPS scores for round A (7.21 ± 0.91) and round B (7.27 ± 0.86) showed a strong correlation of 0.9374 (CI95 0.9250; 0.9478). No significant difference was identified between undergraduates and postgraduates representing different levels of dental experience. Homogeneity analysis of the defined FIPS variables was not significantly different.

Conclusions

Both intra- and inter-examiner analysis revealed very congruent results for reproducibility testing of FIPS. The findings validated the potential of FIPS as an objective and reliable evaluation instrument in assessing fixed implant restorations in posterior sites independent of the level of dental experience.

Clinical relevance

FIPS can be considered as an additional diagnostic tool to classify fixed implant restorations in routine dental practice, to compare follow-up observations, and to identify potential risks of failure.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to all voluntary participants for intra- and inter-examiner analyses, and acknowledge Mr. Gabriel Fischer for the statistical support of the correlation analyses.

Funding

The work was supported by the Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland

    Tim Joda

  2. Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    Tim Joda & Nicola U. Zitzmann

  3. Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    Fernando Zarone

  4. Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Marco Ferrari

  5. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Marco Ferrari

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  1. Tim Joda
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  2. Fernando Zarone
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  3. Nicola U. Zitzmann
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  4. Marco Ferrari
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Correspondence to Tim Joda.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

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Joda, T., Zarone, F., Zitzmann, N.U. et al. The Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score (FIPS): assessment of reproducibility and observer variability. Clin Oral Invest 22, 2319–2324 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2332-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2332-7

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