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Anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive effects of Calendula officinalis on inflammatory bone loss in rats

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive effects of Calendula officinalis (CLO) on alveolar bone loss (ABL) in rats.

Material and methods

Male Wistar rats were subjected to ABL by ligature with nylon thread around the second upper left molar. The contralateral hemimaxillae were used as control. Rats received saline solution (SAL) or CLO (10, 30, or 90 mg/kg) 30 min before ligature and daily until the 11th day. The maxillae were removed and prepared for macroscopic, radiographic, micro-tomographic, histopathologic, histometric analysis, and immunohistochemical localization of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). The gingival tissues were used to quantify the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations by ELISA. Blood samples were collected for leukogram and to evaluate the bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) activity and serum levels of aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST/ALT).

Results

The bone loss induced by 11 days of ligature induced bone loss, reduced levels of BALP, leukocyte infiltration, increased MPO activity, gingival concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β, and RANKL while reduced OPG immunoexpressions in the periodontal tissue and leukocytosis. Of the CLO, 90 mg/kg reduced bone loss, neutrophilia, the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, and RANKL expression, while it increased OPG immunopositive cells and BALP serum levels, when compared to SAL. CLO did not affect either kidney or liver function, indicated by serum AST/ALT levels.

Conclusion

The present data suggests that CLO reduced inflammatory bone resorption in experimental periodontitis, which may be mediated by its anti-inflammatory properties and its effects on bone metabolism.

Clinical relevance

CLO can be a potential therapeutical adjuvant in the treatment of periodontitis.

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Funding

This work was supported by CNPq (grant # 480481/2013-0) and FUNCAP (grant # PJP-0072-00092.01.00/12), Brazilian agencies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, CE, Brazil

    Joanna Trycia M. Alexandre

  2. Post-Graduation Program RENORBIO, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, CE, Brazil

    Luzia Hermínia Teixeira Sousa

  3. Post-Graduation Program in Morphofunctional Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Mario Roberto Pontes Lisboa

  4. Department of Surgery and Bucco-Maxilofacial Traumatology and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Flávia A. C. Furlaneto

  5. Renorbio Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Danielle Rocha do Val

  6. Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, CE, Brazil

    Mirna Marques

  7. Dental School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, CE, Brazil

    Hellíada C. Vasconcelos & Iracema Matos de Melo

  8. Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Renata Leitão & Gerly Anne Castro Brito

  9. Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Monsenhor Furtado, s/n 60441-750. Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

    Paula Goes

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  1. Joanna Trycia M. Alexandre
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  2. Luzia Hermínia Teixeira Sousa
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  3. Mario Roberto Pontes Lisboa
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  7. Hellíada C. Vasconcelos
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  8. Iracema Matos de Melo
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  9. Renata Leitão
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  11. Paula Goes
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paula Goes.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Federal University of Ceará (Permit Number: 49/2012).

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For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

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Alexandre, J.T.M., Sousa, L.H.T., Lisboa, M.R.P. et al. Anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive effects of Calendula officinalis on inflammatory bone loss in rats. Clin Oral Invest 22, 2175–2185 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2308-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-017-2308-7

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