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Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 is required to inhibit foreign body giant cell formation and activate osteoclasts under inflammatory and infectious conditions

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Abstract

Osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) are derived from common progenitors and share properties such as multi-nucleation capacity induced by cell–cell fusion; however, mechanisms underlying lineage determination between these cells remain unclear. Here we show that, under inflammatory conditions, osteoclasts are stimulated in a manner similar to M1 macrophages, while formation of FBGCs, which exhibit M2-like phenotypes, is inhibited in a manner similar to that seen in M1/M2 macrophage polarization. FBGC/osteoclast polarization was inhibited by conditional knockout of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (Traf6) in adults in vivo and in vitro. Traf6-null mice were previously reported to die soon after birth, but we found that Traf6 deletion in adults did not cause lethality but rather inhibited osteoclast activation and prevented FBGC inhibition under inflammatory conditions. Accordingly, basal osteoclastogenesis was significantly inhibited by Traf6 deletion in vivo and in vitro and accompanied by increased bone mass. Lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation and osteolysis were significantly inhibited in Traf6 conditional knockout mice. Our results suggest that Traf6 plays a crucial role in regulating M1 osteoclast and M2 FBGC polarization and is a potential therapeutic target in blocking FBGC inhibition, antagonizing osteolysis in inflammatory conditions, and increasing bone mass without adverse effects in adults.

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Acknowledgements

T. Miyamoto was supported by a grant from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development and a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research in Japan. K. Miyamoto and Y. Sato were supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research in Japan. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Translational Research Network Program and a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

    Akihito Oya, Eri Katsuyama, Yuiko Sato, Tami Kobayashi, Kana Miyamoto, Toru Nishiwaki, Atsushi Funayama, Yoshinari Fujita, Morio Matsumoto, Masaya Nakamura, Arihiko Kanaji & Takeshi Miyamoto

  2. Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

    Mayu Morita

  3. Department of Advanced Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

    Yuiko Sato & Takeshi Miyamoto

  4. Department of Musculoskeletal Reconstruction and Regeneration Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

    Tami Kobayashi

  5. Department of Infectious Diseases Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Hasamamachi, Idaigaoka, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan

    Takashi Kobayashi

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  1. Akihito Oya
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Correspondence to Arihiko Kanaji or Takeshi Miyamoto.

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Oya, A., Katsuyama, E., Morita, M. et al. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 is required to inhibit foreign body giant cell formation and activate osteoclasts under inflammatory and infectious conditions. J Bone Miner Metab 36, 679–690 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-017-0890-z

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