Abstract
To improve the observation capability of the ocean, the combination of the static cabled ocean observatory network and the dynamic autonomous underwater vehicle has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, a non-contact docking system for the autonomous underwater vehicle is developed to combine the advantages of the cabled ocean observatory network and the autonomous underwater vehicle. The system includes both acoustic and optical navigation, underwater wireless communication, non-contact power transfer, and monitoring and controlling of the docking system. This docking system was verified by sea trials at depths of 50 and 105 m. The autonomous underwater vehicle successfully docked 11 times, during which non-contact power transfer and wireless communication were completed. The charging power reached 682 W, with a total efficiency of 78.5%, and the efficiency of the power transfer unit was 92%. The rate of wireless data transfer reached 3.1 MB/s. For the first time, this docking system has realized complete homing and docking navigation, wireless communication and charging in a water depth of more than 100 m, thus establishing a good foundation for the combination of the cabled ocean observatory network and autonomous underwater vehicles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnes CR, Best M, Johnson FR, NEPTUNE Canada (2015) Installation and initial operation of the world’s first regional cabled ocean observatory. Springer, Berlin
Podder T, Sibenac M, Bellingham J (2004) AUV docking system for sustainable science missions. In: IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, pp 4478–4485
Nicholson J, Healey A (2008) The present state of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) applications and technologies. Mar Technol Soc J 42(1):44–51
M MNA (2012) Design of a docking station for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) recharge and data download. Instrum Viewp 4(28):28–29
Skomal GB et al (2015) Subsurface observations of white shark Carcharodon carcharias predatory behaviour using an autonomous underwater vehicle. J Fish Biol 87(6SI):1293–1312
Singh H et al (2001) Docking for an autonomous ocean sampling network. IEEE J Ocean Eng 26(4):498–514
Fukasawa T, Noguchi T, Kawasaki T (2003) “MARINE BIRD”, a new experimental AUV with underwater docking and recharging system. Oceans 4:2195–2200
Lambiotte JC et al (2002) Results from mechanical docking tests of a Morpheus class AUV with a dock designed for an OEX class AUV. Oceans’02 MTS/IEEE 1:260–265
Zhang T, Li D, Yang C (2017) Study on impact process of AUV underwater docking with a cone-shaped dock. Ocean Eng 130:176–187
Stokey R, Purcell M, Forrester N (1997) A docking system for REMUS, an autonomous underwater vehicle. Oceans 2:1132–1136
Allen B et al (2006) Autonomous docking demonstrations with enhanced REMUS technology. Oceans-IEEE 1539
Stokey R et al (2001) Enabling technologies for REMUS docking: an integral component of an autonomous ocean-sampling network. IEEE J Ocean Eng 26(4):487–497
McEwen RS et al (2008) Docking control system for a 54-cm-diameter (21-in) AUV. IEEE J Ocean Eng 33(4):550–562
Hobson BW, McEwen RS (2007) The development and ocean testing of an AUV. Oceans 29:1–6
Coulson R, Lambiotte J, An E (2005) A modular docking system for 12.75-inch class AUVs—a funnel-type dock using inductive power transfer and a radio frequency ethernet bridge. Sea Technol 46(4):49–54
Brighenti A et al (1998) EURODOCKER—a universal docking-downloading-recharging system for AUVs: conceptual design results. Oceans’98 Conf Proc 3:1463–1467
Podder T, Sibenac M, Bellingham J (2004) AUV docking system for sustainable science missions. Robot Autom 5:4478–4484
Kojiya T et al (2004) Automatic power supply system to underwater vehicles utilizing non-contacting technology. Oceans’04 4:2341–2345
Han J et al (2006) High speed acoustic network and noncontact power supplier for seafloor geodetic observing robot system
Han J et al (2007) Noncontact power supply for seafloor geodetic observing robot system. J Mar Sci Technol 12(3):183–189
Feezor MD, Sorrell FY, Blankinship PR (2001) An interface system for autonomous undersea vehicles. IEEE J Ocean Eng 26(4):522–525
Bradley AM et al (2001) Power systems for autonomous underwater vehicles. IEEE J Ocean Eng 26(4):526–538
Li DJ et al (2015) Autonomous underwater vehicle docking system for cabled ocean observatory network. Ocean Eng 109:127–134
Shi JG, Li DJ, Yang CJ (2014) Design and analysis of an underwater inductive coupling power transfer system for autonomous underwater vehicle docking applications. Front Inf Technol Electron Eng 15(1):51–62
Lacovara P (2008) High-bandwidth underwater communications. Mar Technol Soc J 42(1):93–102
B B (2004) A low power a, low cost, underwater optical communication system. Ridge 2000 Events
Sozer EM, Stojanovic M, Proakis JG (2000) UAN—underwater acoustic network. IEEE J Ocean Eng 42(1):72–83
Iizuka K (1963) An experimental study of the insulated dipole antenna immersed in a conducting medium. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 11(5):518–532
Siegel M, King R (1973) Electromagnetic propagation between antennas submerged in the ocean. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 21(4):507–513
Al-Shamma’a AI, Shaw A, Saman S (2004) Propagation of electromagnetic waves at MHz frequencies through seawater. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 52(11):2843–2849
Kazmierkowski MP, Moradewicz AJ (2012) Contactless energy transfer (CET) systems—a review. 2012 15th international power electronics and motion control conference (EPE/PEMC)
Kim Y, Jin K (2012) A contactless power transfer system using a series–series–parallel resonant converter. Int J Electron 99:885–897
Villa JL et al (2012) High-misalignment tolerant compensation topology for ICPT systems. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 59:945
Wang CS, Covic G, Stielau OH (2004) Power transfer capability and bifurcation phenomena of loosely coupled inductive power transfer systems. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 51:148–157
Rim CT, Cho GH (1990) Phasor transformation and its application to the DC/AC analyses of frequency phase-controlled series resonant converters (SRC). IEEE Trans Power Electron 5(2):201–211
Vickery K (1998) Acoustic positioning systems a practical overview of current systems, pp 5–17
Li D, Zhang T, Yang C (2016) Terminal underwater docking of an autonomous underwater vehicle using one camera and one light. Mar Technol Soc J 50(6):58–68
Parvaresh A, Hassanzadeh S, Bordbar MH (2005) Statistical analysis of wave parameters in the north coast of the Persian Gulf. Ann Geophys 23(6):2031–2038
Acknowledgements
The authors appreciate the financial support from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2013AA09A414) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41676089).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
About this article
Cite this article
Lin, R., Li, D., Zhang, T. et al. A non-contact docking system for charging and recovering autonomous underwater vehicle. J Mar Sci Technol 24, 902–916 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-018-0595-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-018-0595-6