Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sanierung eines PCE-Schadens in einem makroskopisch oxischen Grundwasserleiter durch Stimulation anaerober dehalogenierender Bakterien

Stimulation of anaerobic PCE dechlorinating bacteria in a macroscopic oxic aquifer

  • Fachbeitrag
  • Published:
Grundwasser Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Eine erfolgreiche biologische In-situ-Sanierung von PCE-kontaminierten Grundwasserleitern erfordert hinreichend reduzierende Bedingungen sowie die Anwesenheit von molekularem Wasserstoff, der dehalogenierenden Bakterien als Elektronendonor dient. Durch Injektion eines biologisch gut abbaubaren Hilfsstoffs (Auxiliarsubstrat) können diese Faktoren gesteuert werden.

Die vorliegende Fallstudie beschreibt die Verfahrensschritte für eine erfolgreiche Stimulierung des biologischen PCE-Abbaus in einem ursprünglich sauerstoffhaltigen Grundwasserleiter. Laboruntersuchungen in Mikrokosmen (Stufe I) verifizierten das standorteigene bakterielle Abbaupotenzial sowie die Eignung des Auxiliarsubstrats (hier: Melasse). Basierend auf hydrogeologischen und geochemischen Felddaten wurde die erforderliche Melassemenge abgeschätzt sowie deren Wirkungsbereich im Aquifer modelliert (Stufe II). Im Feldversuch erfolgten periodische Injektionen des Auxiliarsubstrats (hier: 170 Tage) begleitet von geochemischen und molekularbiologischen Analysen (Stufe III). Durch die Melasseinjektion konnten im PCE-kontaminiertem Bereich des Aquifers methanogene Bedingungen sowie eine massive Zunahme von Schlüsselbakterien der Gattung Dehalococcoides induziert werden. Der erfolgreiche In-situ-Bioabbau von PCE zu Ethen wurde durch substanzspezifische Kohlenstoff-Isotopenanalysen bestätigt.

Abstract

A successful biological in situ remediation of PCE contaminated aquifers requires suitable redox conditions as well as molecular hydrogen used by dehalogenating bacteria as the electron donor. Injecting an easily biodegradable auxiliary substrate allows to control both factors. The present study describes the procedural steps for a successful stimulation of biological PCE-degradation in a primary oxygen-containing aquifer. A microcosm study (level I) showed the bacterial potential of the site and the suitability of molasses as an auxiliary substrate. Using hydrogeological and geochemical field data, the amount of molasses was estimated and its zone of influence was modelled (level II). In a field test, molasses was periodically injected (170 days) accompanied by geochemical and molecular biological analysis (level III). Following the injection of molasses, methanogenic conditions as well as a significant increase of Dehalococcoides was observed. In situ biodegradation of PCE to ethene was verified by compound-specific carbon isotope analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5

Literatur

  • Adrian, L., Löffler, F.E.: Organohalide-respiring bacteria. Springer, Heidelberg (2016)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Aelion, C.M., Patrick, H., Daniel Hunkeler, R.A.: Environmental isotopes in biodegradation and bioremediation. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2009)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Aeppli, C., Hofstetter, T.B., Amaral, H.I.F., Kipfer, R., Schwarzenbach, R.P., Berg, M.: Quantifying in situ transformation rates of chlorinated ethenes by combining compound-specific stable isotope analysis, groundwater dating, and carbon isotope mass balances. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 3705–3711 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/es903895b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atashgahi, S., Lu, Y., Zheng, Y., Saccenti, E., Suarez-Diez, M., Ramiro-Garcia, J., Eisenmann, H., Elsner, M., Stams, A.J., Springael, D., Dejonghe, W., Smidt, H.: Geochemical and microbial community determinants of reductive dechlorination at a site biostimulated with glycerol. Environ. Microbiol. 18, 1–34 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behrens, S., Azizian, M.F., McMurdie, P.J., Sabalowsky, A., Dolan, M.E., Semprini, L., Spormann, A.M.: Monitoring abundance and expression of Dehalococcoides species chloroethene-reductive dehalogenases in a tetrachloroethene-dechlorinating flow column. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 5695–5703 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00926-08

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bombach, P., Richnow, H.H., Kästner, M., Fischer, A.: Current approaches for the assessment of in situ biodegradation. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 86, 839–852 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borch, T., Kretzschmar, R., Skappler, A., Van Cappellen, P., Ginder-Vogel, M., Voegelin, A., Campbell, K.: Biogeochemical redox processes and their impact on contaminant dynamics (2010) https://doi.org/10.1021/es9026248

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, P.M.: Microbial degradation of chloroethenes in groundwater systems. Hydrogeol. J. 8, 251–253 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Breukelen, B.M., Hunkeler, D., Volkering, F.: Quantification of sequential chlorinated ethene degradation by use of a reactive transport model incorporating isotope fractionation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39, 4189–4197 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1021/es048973c

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchner, D., Behrens, S., Laskov, C., Haderlein, S.B.: Resiliency of stable isotope fractionation (δ13C and δ37Cl) of trichloroethene to bacterial growth physiology and expression of key enzymes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49, 13230–13237 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b02918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chapelle, F.H.: Identifying redox conditions that favor the natural attenuation of chlorinated ethenes in contaminated ground-water systems. In: Office of Research and Development (Hrsg.) Proceedings of the symposium on natural attenuation of chlorinated organics in ground water, S. 19–22. Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC (1997). https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_file_download.cfm?p_download_id=438427

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, T.H., Bjerg, P.L., Banwart, S.A., Jakobsen, R., Heron, G., Albrechtsen, H.-J.: Characterization of redox conditions in groundwater contaminant plumes. J. Contam. Hydrol. 45, 165–241 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cupples, A.M., Spormann, A.M., McCarty, P.L.: Growth of a Dehalococcoides-like microorganism on vinyl chloride and cis-Dichloroethene as electron acceptors as determined by competitive PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 953–959 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.2.953-959.2003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Damgaard, I., Bjerg, P.L., Jacobsen, C.S., Tsitonaki, A., Kerrn-Jespersen, H., Broholm, M.M.: Performance of full-scale enhanced reductive dechlorination in clay till. Ground Water. Monit. Remediat 33, 48–61 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2012.01405.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, A.G., Parameswaran, P., Fajardo-Williams, D., Halden, R.U., Krajmalnik-Brown, R.: Role of bicarbonate as a pH buffer and electron sink in microbial dechlorination of chloroethenes. Microb. Cell. Fact. 11, 128 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-11-128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DIN EN 1484. Wasseranalytik – Anleitungen zur Bestimmung des gesamten organischen Kohlenstoffs (TOC) und des gelösten organischen Kohlenstoffs (DOC). Dtsch. Fassung EN 1484-1997-08. (1997a)

  • DIN EN ISO 10301. Wasserbeschaffenheit – Bestimmung leichtflüchtiger halogenierter Kohlenwasserstoffe – Gaschromatographische Verfahren. Dtsch. Fassung EN ISO 103011997-07. (1997b)

  • DIN 38405-7. Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung – Anionen (Gruppe D) – Teil 7: Bestimmung von Cyaniden in gering belastetem Wasser mit Ionenchromatographie oder potentiometrischer Titration (D 7). 2002:04. (2002)

  • DIN EN ISO 11732. Wasserbeschaffenheit – Bestimmung von Ammoniumstickstoff – Verfahren mittels Fließanalytik (CFA und FIA) und spektrometrischer Detektion. Dtsch. Fassung EN ISO 117322005-05. (2005)

  • DIN EN ISO 10304-1. Wasserbeschaffenheit – Bestimmung von gelösten Anionen mittels Flüssigkeits-Ionenchromatographie – Teil 1: Bestimmung von Bromid, Chlorid, Fluorid, Nitrat, Nitrit, Phosphat und Sulfat. Dtsch. Fassung EN ISO 10304-12009-07. (2009a)

  • DIN EN ISO 11885. Wasserbeschaffenheit – Bestimmung von ausgewählten Elementen durch induktiv gekoppelte Plasma-Atom-Emissionsspektrometrie (ICP-OES). Dtsch. Fassung EN ISO 118852009-09. (2009b)

  • Elsner, M., Couloume, G.L., Sherwood Lollar, B.: Freezing to preserve groundwater samples and improve headspace quantification limits of water-soluble organic contaminants for carbon isotope analysis. Anal. Chem. 78, 7528–7534 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, A., Manefield, M., Bombach, P.: Application of stable isotope tools for evaluating natural and stimulated biodegradation of organic pollutants in field studies. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 41, 99–107 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2016.04.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibert, J., Danielopol, D.L., Stanford, J.A.: Groundwater ecology. Academic Press, New York, Boston, London, Oxford (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Helz, G.R., Ciglenečki, I., Krznarić, D., Bura-Nakić, E.: Aquatic redox chemistry. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (2011) https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2011-1071. ISBN 978-0841226524

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickson, E.R., Payne, J.A., Young, R.M., Starr, M.G., Perry, M.P., Fahnestock, S., Ellis, D.E., Ebersole, R.C.: Molecular analysis of Dehalococcoides 16S ribosomal DNA from chloroethene-contaminated sites throughout North America and Europe. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68, 485 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunkeler, D., Meckenstock, R., Sherwood Lollar, B., Schmidt, T.C., Wilson, J.T.: A guide for assessing biodegradation and source indentification of organic ground water contaminants using compound specific isotope analyses (CISA). United States Environmantal Prot. Agency, Washington, D.C. (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • ITRC In situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethene: DNAPL source zones. BIO‐LNAPL-3. Washington, D.C.: Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Bioremediation of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (Bio DNAPL) Team. https://www.itrcweb.org/ (2008)

  • Lee, P.K.H., Macbeth, T.W., Sorenson Jr., K.S., Deeb, R.A., Alvarez-Cohen, L., Sorenson Jr, K.S., Deeb, R.A., Alvarez-Cohen, L.: Quantifying genes and transcripts to assess the in situ physiology of „Dehalococcoides“ spp. in a trichloroethene-contaminated groundwater site. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 2728 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02199-07

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Löffler, F.E., Yan, J., Ritalahti, K.M., Adrian, L., Edwards, E.A., Konstantinidis, K.T., Müller, J.A., Fullerton, H., Zinder, S.H., Spormann, A.M.: Dehalococcoides mccartyi gen. nov., sp. nov., obligately organohalide-respiring anaerobic bacteria relevant to halogen cycling and bioremediation, belong to a novel bacterial class, Dehalococcoidia classis nov., order Dehalococcoidales ord. nov. and famil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63, 625–635 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.034926-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, X., Wilson, J.T., Kampbell, D.H.: Comparison of an assay for Dehalococcoides DNA and a microcosm study in predicting reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in the field. Environ. Pollut. 157, 809–815 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M., Stahl, D.A., Clark, D.P.: Brock Mikrobiologie. Pearson, London (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Major, D.W., McMaster, M.L., Cox, E.E., Edwards, E., Dworatzek, S.M., Hendrickson, E.R., Starr, M.G., Payne, J.A., Buonamici, L.W., David, W., McMaster, M.L., Cox, E.E., Edwards, E., Dworatzek, S.M., Hendrickson, E.R., Starr, M.G., Payne, J.A., Buonamici, L.W.: Field demonstration of successful bioaugmentation to achieve dechlorination of tetrachloroethene to ethene. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 5106–5116 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1021/es0255711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maymo-Gatell, X., Yueh-tyng, C., James, M.G., Stephen, H.Z.: Isolation of a bacterium that reductively dechlorinates tetrachloroethene to ethene. Science 80(276), 219–221 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meckenstock, R.U., Morasch, B., Griebler, C., Richnow, H.-H.H.: Stable isotope fractionation analysis as a tool to monitor biodegradation in contaminated aquifers. J. Contam. Hydrol. 75, 215–255 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.06.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muyzer, G., De Waal, E.C., Uitterlinden, A.G.: Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes coding for 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59(3), 695–700 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni, Z., Smit, M., Grotenhuis, T., Van Gaans, P., Rijnaarts, H.: Effectiveness of stimulating PCE reductive dechlorination: A step-wise approach. J. Contam. Hydrol. 164, 209–218 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.06.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nijenhuis, I., Kuntze, K.: Anaerobic microbial dehalogenation of organohalides—state of the art and remediation strategies. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 38, 33–38 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2015.11.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panagos, P., Hiederer, R., Van Liedekerke, M., Bampa, F.: Estimating soil organic carbon in Europe based on data collected through an European network. Ecol. Indic. 24, 439–450 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.07.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pooley, K.E., Blessing, M., Schmidt, T.C., Haderlein, S.B., Macquarrie, K.T.B., Prommer, H.: Aerobic biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes in a fractured bedrock aquifer: Quantitative assessment by compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and reactive transport modeling. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 7458–7464 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/es900658n

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheutz, C., Durant, N.D., Dennis, P., Hansen, M.H., Jørgensen, T., Jakobsen, R., Cox, E.E., Bjerg, P.L.: Concurrent ethene generation and growth of Dehalococcoides containing vinyl chloride reductive dehalogenase genes during an enhanced reductive dechlorination field demonstration. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 9302–9309 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/es800764t

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, T.C., Jochmann, M.A.: Origin and fate of organic compounds in water: Characterization by compound-specific stable isotope analysis. Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. (Palo Alto Calif) 5, 133–155 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-062011-143143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert, T., Adrian, L., Diekert, G., Jena, U.: Organohalid-Atmung bei Mikroorganismen. BIOspektrum 22(5), 462–464 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12268-016-0712-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suthersan, S.S., Lutes, C.C., Palmer, P.L., Lenzo, F., Payne, F.C., Liles, D.S., Burdick, J.: Technical protocol for using soluble carbohydrates to enhance reductive dechlorination of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (2002). http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA611470

    Google Scholar 

  • Taş, N., Van Eekert, M.H.A., Schraa, G., Zhou, J., De Vos, W.M., Smidt, H.: Tracking functional guilds: „Dehalococcoides“ spp. in European river basins contaminated with hexachlorobenzene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75, 4696–4704 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02829-08

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taş, N., Van Eekert, M.H.A., De Vos, W.M., Smidt, H.: The little bacteria that can—Diversity, genomics and ecophysiology of „Dehalococcoides“ spp. in contaminated environments. Microb. Biotechnol. 3, 389–402 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2009.00147.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, T.M., Criddle, C.S., McCarty, P.: Transformation of halogenated aliphatic compounds. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 722–736 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y., Cápiro, N.L., Marcet, T.F., Yan, J., Pennell, K.D., Löffler, F.E.: Organohalide respiration with chlorinated ethenes under low pH conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51(15), 8579–8588 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, S., Fernald, R.D.: Comprehensive algorithm for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. J. Comput. Biol. 12, 1047–1064 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2005.12.1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zinder, S.H.: Dehalococcoides has a dehalogenation complex. Environ. Microbiol. 18, 2773–2775 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zwank, L., Berg, M., Schmidt, T.C., Haderlein, S.B.: Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of volatile organic compounds in the low-microgram per liter range. Anal. Chem. 75, 5575–5583 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zentrum für angewandte Geowissenschaften, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Daniel Buchner, Meenakshi Schweikhart, Sebastian Behrens, Christine Laskov & Stefan B. Haderlein

  2. HPC AG, Freiburg i.Br., Deutschland

    Thomas Schöndorf

  3. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Sebastian Behrens

  4. Fugro Consult GmbH, Mössingen, Deutschland

    Christine Laskov

Authors
  1. Daniel Buchner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Meenakshi Schweikhart
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sebastian Behrens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Thomas Schöndorf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Christine Laskov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Stefan B. Haderlein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel Buchner.

Caption Electronic Supplementary Material

767_2018_410_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Lageplan, Detailbschreibungen der drei Mikrokosmenversuchsreihen, Liste der verwendet Primer, tiefenzonierte Grundwasserprofile​, der δ13C Analyse ​Mikrokosmenversuch, Graphik Melasse-Injektionen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Buchner, D., Schweikhart, M., Behrens, S. et al. Sanierung eines PCE-Schadens in einem makroskopisch oxischen Grundwasserleiter durch Stimulation anaerober dehalogenierender Bakterien. Grundwasser 24, 51–63 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-018-00410-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-018-00410-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation