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Rag GTPase in amino acid signaling

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Abstract

Rag small GTPases were identified as the sixth subfamily of Ras-related GTPases. Compelling evidence suggests that Rag heterodimer (RagA/B and RagC/D) plays an important role in amino acid signaling toward mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is a central player in the control of cell growth in response to a variety of environmental cues, including growth factors, cellular energy/oxygen status, and amino acids. Upon amino acid stimulation, active Rag heterodimer (RagA/BGTP-RagC/DGDP) recruits mTORC1 to the lysosomal membrane where Rheb resides. In this review, we provide a current understanding on the amino acid-regulated cell growth control via Rag-mTORC1 with recently identified key players, including Ragulator, v-ATPase, and GATOR complexes. Moreover, the functions of Rag in physiological systems and in autophagy are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to apologize to their colleagues whose work could not be cited owing to space limitations. This work was supported under the framework of international cooperation program managed by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2015K2A1A2071035).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Korea

    Joungmok Kim

  2. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, 13-13 Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Korea

    Eunjung Kim

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  1. Joungmok Kim
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Kim, J., Kim, E. Rag GTPase in amino acid signaling. Amino Acids 48, 915–928 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-016-2171-x

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