Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Metabolomic analysis of amino acid metabolism in colitic rats supplemented with lactosucrose

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Amino Acids Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Intestinal inflammation causes metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with lactosucrose (LS) on the serum metabolome and intestinal luminal content of fatty acids in colitic rats. Colitis was induced in rats using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Subsequently, rats received intragastric administration of either 250 mg LS/kg body weight or saline (the control group) every day for 5 weeks. Short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal lumen, blood profile, and metabolites in serum were measured, respectively, using gas chromatography, biochemistry analyzer, and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics combined with multivariate statistics. Metabolic effects of LS included: (1) decreases in concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine and valine), alanine, citric acid, trimethylamine oxide and taurine, and the abundance of aspartate aminotransferase in serum; (2) increases in concentrations of glucose metabolites (including succinate) in serum; and (3) altered concentrations of butyrate in the cecal content and of butyrate and acetate in the colon content. The results indicate that LS supplementation to colitic rats affects whole-body metabolism of amino acids and release of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase from tissues into the blood circulation, and enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal lumen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

CMDI:

Colonic mucosal damage index

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

LS:

Lactosucrose

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PCA:

Principal component analysis

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acids

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

TNBS:

Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid

References

  • Alemany M (2012) Relationship between energy dense diets and white adipose tissue inflammation in metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 33:1–11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergen WG, Wu G (2009) Intestinal nitrogen recycling and utilization in health and disease. J Nutr 139:821–825

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blachier F, Davila AM, Mimoun S et al (2010) Luminal sulfide and large intestine mucosa: friend or foe? Amino Acids 39:335–347

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boutry C, Matsumoto H, Bos C et al (2012) Decreased glutamate, glutamine and citrulline concentrations in plasma and muscle in endotoxemia cannot be reversed by glutamate or glutamine supplementation: a primary intestinal defect? Amino Acids 43:1485–1498

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coburn LA, Gong X, Singh K et al (2012) l-arginine supplementation improves responses to injury and inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium colitis. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033546

    Google Scholar 

  • Dai ZL, Zhang J, Wu G et al (2010) Utilization of amino acids by bacteria from the pig small intestine. Amino Acids 39:1201–1215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai ZL, Wu G, Zhu WY (2011) Amino acid metabolism in intestinal bacteria: links between gut ecology and host health. Front Biosci 16:1768–1786

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai ZL, Li XL, Xi PB et al (2012a) Metabolism of select amino acids in bacteria from the pig small intestine. Amino Acids 42:1597–1608

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai ZL, Li XL, Xi PB et al (2012b) Regulatory role for l-arginine in the utilization of amino acids by pig small-intestinal bacteria. Amino Acids 43:233–244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai ZL, Li XL, Xi PB et al (2012c) l-Glutamine regulates amino acid utilization by intestinal bacteria. Amino Acids. doi:10.1007/s00726-012-1264-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Dai ZL, Wu ZL, Yang Y et al (2013) Nitric oxide and energy metabolism in mammals. BioFactors. doi:10.1002/biof.1099

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deng ZY, Zhang JW, Wu GY et al (2007) Dietary supplementation with polysaccharides from Semen cassiae enhances immunoglobulin production and interleukin gene expression in early-weaned piglets. J Sci Food Agric 87:1868–1873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis DI, Dunn WB, Griffin JL et al (2007) Metabolic fingerprinting as a diagnostic tool. Pharmacogenomics 8:1243–1266

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu WJ, Stromberg AJ, Viele K et al (2010) Statistics and bioinformatics in nutritional sciences: analysis of complex data in the era of systems biology. J Nutr Biochem 21:561–572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao KG, Jiang ZY, Lin YC et al (2012) Dietary l-arginine supplementation enhances placental growth and reproductive performance in sows. Amino Acids 42:2207–2214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geng MM, Li TJ, Kong XF et al (2011) Reduced expression of intestinal N-acetylglutamate synthase in suckling piglets: a novel molecular mechanism for arginine as a nutritionally essential amino acid for neonates. Amino Acids 40:1513–1522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Go GW, Wu G, Silvey DT et al (2012) Lipid metabolism in pigs fed supplemental conjugated linoleic acid and/or dietary arginine. Amino Acids 43:1713–1726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guillet C, Masgrau A, Walrand S et al (2012) Impaired protein metabolism: interlinks between obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation. Obes Rev 13(Suppl):51–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ha CY, Kim JY, Paik JK et al (2012) The association of specific metabolites of lipid metabolism with markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and arterial stiffness in men with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 76:674–682

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamer HM, Jonkers D, Venema K et al (2008) Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 27:104–119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes TE, Li P, Li XL et al (2009) l-Glutamine or l-alanyl- l-glutamine prevents oxidant- or endotoxin-induced death of neonatal enterocytes. Amino Acids 37:131–142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He QH, Kong XF, Wu GY et al (2009) Metabolomic analysis of the response of growing pigs to dietary l-arginine supplementation. Amino Acids 37:199–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He QH, Ren PP, Kong XF et al (2011a) Metabolomics and its role in amino acid nutrition research. Front Biosci 16:2451–2460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He Q, Ren P, Kong X et al (2011b) Intrauterine growth restriction alters the metabonome of the serum and jejunum in piglets. Mol Bio Syst 7:2147–2155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He Q, Tang H, Ren P et al (2011c) Dietary supplementation with L -Arginine partially counteracts serum metabonome induced by weaning stress in piglets. J Prot Res 10:5214–5221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez-Hernandez O, Cote GL, Kolida S et al (2011) In vitro fermentation of alternansucrase raffinose-derived oligosaccharides by human gut bacteria. J Agric Food Chem 59:10901–10906

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hotamisligil GS (2006) Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature 444:860–867

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hou YQ, Wang L, Ding BY et al (2011) Alpha-ketoglutarate and intestinal function. Front Biosci 16:1186–1196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hou YQ, Wang L, Zhang W et al (2012) Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on intestinal functions of piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Amino Acids 43:1233–1242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang RL, Yin YL, Wu GY et al (2005) Effect of dietary oligochitosan supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and performance in broilers. Poult Sci 84:1383–1388

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang RL, Yin YL, Li MX et al (2007) Dietary oligochitosan supplementation enhances immune status of broilers. J Sci Food Agric 87:153–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SW, Mateo RD, Yin YL, Wu GY (2007) Functional amino acids and fatty acids for enhancing production performance of sows and piglets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 20:295–306

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim YM, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T et al (2006) Dermatitis as a component of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome is associated with activation of Toll-like receptors in epidermal keratinocytes. Histopathology 49:506–514

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong XF, Wu GY, Liao YP et al (2007a) Effects of Chinese herbal ultra-fine powder as a dietary additive on growth performance, serum metabolites and intestinal health in early-weaned piglets. Livestock Sci 108:272–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kong XF, Wu GY, Yin YL (2007b) Dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal ultra-fine 3 powder enhances cellular and humoral immunity in early weaned piglets. Livestock Sci 108:94–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kong XF, Yin YL, Wu GY et al (2007c) Dietary supplementation with acanthopanax senticosus extract modulates cellular and humoral immunities in weaned piglets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 20:1453–1461

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong XF, Zhang YZ, Yin YL et al (2009) Chinese Yam polysaccharide enhances growth performance and cellular immune response in weanling rats. J Sci Food Agric 89(12):2039–2044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong XF, Wu G, Yin YL (2011) Roles of phytochemicals in amino acid nutrition. Front Biosci S3:372–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong XF, Yin YL, Wu GY (2012) Arginine stimulates the mTOR signaling pathway and protein synthesis in porcine trophectoderm cells. J Nutr Biochem 23:1178–1183

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lei J, Feng DY, Zhang YL et al (2012) Regulation of leucine catabolism by metabolic fuels in mammary epithelial cells. Amino Acids 43:2179–2189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li LL, Peng HZ, Zhang B et al (2009) The effect of dietary addition of a polysaccharide from atractylodes macrophala koidz on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1βexpression in weaned pigs. J Agric Sci 147:625–631

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li P, Yin YL, Li DF et al (2007) Amino acids and immune function. Br J Nutr 98:237–252

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li XL, Rezaei R, Li P, Wu G (2011) Composition of amino acids in feed ingredients for animal diets. Amino Acids 40:1159–1168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liao PQ, Wei L, Zhang XY et al (2007) Metabolic profiling of serum from gadolinium chloride-treated rats by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 364:112–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin G, Liu C, Wang TJ et al (2011) Biomarkers for optimal requirements of amino acids by animals and humans. Front Biosci S3:1298–1307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay JO, Whelan K, Stagg AJ, Gobin P, Al-Hassi HO, Rayment N, Kamm MA, Knight SC, Forbes A (2006) Clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of fructo-oligosaccharide in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gut 55:348–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z-Q, Geng MM, Shu X-G et al (2012a) Dietary NCG supplementation enhances the expression of N-acetylglutamate synthase in intestine of weaning pig. J Food Agric Environ 10:408–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu XD, Wu X, Yin YL et al (2012b) Effects of dietary l-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate supplementation during late gestation of sows on the miR-15b/16, miR-221/222, VEGFA and eNOS expression in umbilical vein. Amino Acids 42:2111–2119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Majid HA, Emery PW, Whelan K (2011) Faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in patients receiving enteral nutrition with standard or fructo-oligosaccharides and fibre-enriched formulas. J Hum Nutr Diet 24:260–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mei Q, Xu JM, Xiang L, Hu YM, Hu XP, Xu ZW (2005) Change of nitric oxide in experimental colitis and its inhibition by melatonin in vivo and in vitro. Postgrad Med J 81(960):667–672

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mercier S, Breuillé D, Mosoni L, Obled C, Patureau Mirand P (2002) Chronic inflammation alters protein metabolism in several organs of adult rats. J Nutr 132(7):1921–1928

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson JK, Foxall PJ, Spraul M, Farrant RD, Lindon JC (1995) 750 MHz 1H and 1H–13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Anal Chem 67:793–811

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nieto N, Fernandez MI, Torres MI, Ríos A, Suarez MD, Gil A (1998) Dietary monounsaturated n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids affect cellular antioxidant defense system in rats with experimental ulcerative colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Dig Dise Sci 43(12):2676–2687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rastall RA (2010) Functional oligosaccharides: application and manufacture. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 1:305–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren W-K, Ren J, Yin X-P et al (2013) Glutamine on intestinal inflammation: a mechanistic perspective. Eur J Inflamm 11:13–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Ren W, Yin YL, Liu G et al (2012) Effect of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance of mice with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. Amino Acids 42:2089–2094

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei R, Knabe DA, Li XL et al (2011) Enhanced efficiency of milk utilization for growth in surviving low-birth-weight piglets. J Anim Sci Biotech 2:73–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei R, Knabe DA, Tekwe CD et al (2013a) Dietary supplementation with monosodium glutamate is safe and improves growth performance in postweaning pigs. Amino Acids 44:911–923

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei R, Wang WW, Wu ZL et al (2013b) Biochemical and physiological bases for utilization of dietary amino acids by young pigs. J Anim Sci Biotech 4:7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoads JM, Wu G (2009) Glutamine, arginine, and leucine signaling in the intestine. Amino Acids 37:111–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roda G, Caponi A, Benevento M, Nanni P, Mezzanotte L, Belluzzi A, Mayer L, Roda A (2010) New proteomic approaches for biomarker discovery in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 16(7):1239–1246

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun L, Hu W, Liu Q, Hao Q, Sun B, Zhang Q, Mao S, Qiao J, Yan X (2012) Metabonomics reveals plasma metabolic changes and inflammatory marker in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Proteome Res 11(5):2937–2946

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan BE, Li XG, Wu G et al (2012) Dynamic changes in blood flow and oxygen consumption in the portal-drained viscera of growing pigs receiving acute administration of l-arginine. Amino Acids 43:2481–2489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan B, Yin YL, Liu ZQ et al (2009) Dietary L-arginine supplementation increases muscle gain and reduces body fat mass in growing-finishing pigs. Amino Acids 37:169–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tan BE, Yin YL, Kong XF et al (2010) L-Arginine stimulates proliferation and prevents endotoxin-induced death of intestinal cells. Amino Acids 38:1227–1235

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang ZR, Yin LY, Nyachoti CM et al (2005) Effect of dietary supplementation of chitosan and galacto-mannan- oligosaccharide on serum parameters and the insulin like growth factor-I mRNA expression in early-weaned piglets. Domest Anim Endocrinol 28:430–441

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Meijl LE, Popeijus HE, Mensink RP (2010) Amino acids stimulate Akt phosphorylation, and reduce IL-8 production and NF-κB activity in HepG2 liver cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 54(11):1568–1573

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JJ, Wu G, Zhou HJ et al (2009) Emerging technologies for amino acid nutrition research in the post-genome era. Amino Acids 37:177–186

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JJ, Wu ZL, Li DF et al (2012) Nutrition, epigenetics, and metabolic syndrome. Antioxid Redox Signal 17:282–301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang WW, Wu ZL, Dai ZL et al (2013) Glycine metabolism in animals and humans: implications for nutrition and health. Amino Acids. doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1493-1

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehkamp J, Salzman NH, Porter E et al (2005) Reduced Paneth cell alpha-defensins in ileal Crohn’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:18129–18134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei JW, Carroll RJ, Harden KK et al (2012) Comparisons of treatment means when factors do not interact in two-factorial studies. Amino Acids 42:2031–2035

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weljie AM, Dowlatabadi R, Miller BJ et al (2007) An inflammatory arthritis-associated metabolite biomarker pattern revealed by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res 6:3456–3464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winkler J, Butler R, Symonds E (2007) Fructo-oligosaccharide reduces inflammation in a dextran sodium sulphate mouse model of colitis. Dig Dis Sci 52:52–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G (2009) Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition. Amino Acids 37:1–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G (2010a) Recent advances in swine amino acid nutrition. J Anim Sci Biotech 1:49–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu G (2010b) Functional amino acids in growth, reproduction and health. Adv Nutr 1:31–37

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G (2013a) Functional amino acids in nutrition and health. Amino Acids. doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1500-6

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu G (2013b) Amino acids: biochemistry and nutrition. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G, Knabe DA, Flynn NE (1994) Synthesis of citrulline from glutamine in pig enterocytes. Biochem J 299:115–121

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu DH, Chen AD, Johnson CS (1995) An improved diffusion ordered spectroscopy experiment incorporating bipolar-gradient pulses. J Magn Reson Ser A 115:260–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G, Bazer FW, Davis TA et al (2009) Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease. Amino Acids 37:153–168

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G, Bazer FW, Johnson GA et al (2011a) Important roles for l-glutamine in swine nutrition and production. J Anim Sci 89:2017–2030

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G, Bazer FW, Burghardt RC et al (2011b) Proline and hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for animal and human nutrition. Amino Acids 40:1053–1063

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu ZL, Satterfield MC, Bazer FW et al (2012) Regulation of brown adipose tissue development and white fat reduction by l-arginine. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 15:529–538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu X, Wu YL, Yin YQ et al (2012) Effect of dietary arginine and N-carbamoylglutamate supplementation reproduction and gene expression of eNOS, VEGFA and PlGF1 in on in late pregnancy of sows placenta. Anim Repro Sci 132:187–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu G, Wu ZL, Dai ZL et al (2013) Dietary requirements of “nutritionally nonessential amino acids” by animals and humans. Amino Acids 44:1107–1113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xi PB, Jiang ZY, Dai ZL et al (2012) Regulation of protein turnover by l-glutamine in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 23:1012–1017

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xin W, Xugang S, Xie C et al (2013) The Acute and Chronic Effects of Monosodium L-Glutamate on Serum Iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity in the Jugular Artery and Vein of Pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 153:191–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu L, Sun J, Lu R, Ji Q, Xu JG (2005) Effect of glutamate on inflammatory responses of intestine and brain after focal cerebral ischemia. World J Gastroenterol 11:733–736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Y, Li C, Nie X et al (2007) Metabonomic studies of human hepatocellular carcinoma using high-resolution magic-angle spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate data analysis. J Proteome Res 6:2605–2614

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao K, Yin YL, Chu WY et al (2008) Dietary arginine supplementation increases mTOR signaling activity in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. J Nutr 138:867–872

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao K, Yin YL, Li XL et al (2012) Alpha-ketoglutarate inhibits glutamine degradation and enhances protein synthesis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. Amino Acids 42:2491–2500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin YL, Deng ZY, Huang HL et al (2004) Nutritional and health function of carbohydrate for pigs. J Anim Feed Sci 13:523–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin FG, Liu YL, Yin YL et al (2009) Dietary supplementation with Astragalus polysaccharide enhances ileal digestibilities and serum concentrations of amino acids in early weaned piglets. Amino Acids 37:263–270

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin YL, Tan BE (2010) Manipulation of dietary nitrogen, amino acids and phosphorus to reduce environmental impact of swine production and enhance animal health. J Food Agric Environ 8:447–462

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin YL, Tang ZR, Sun ZH et al (2008) Effect of galacto-mannan-oligosaccharides or chitosan supplementation on cytoimmunity and humoral immunity response in early-weaned piglets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 21:723–731

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin FG, Zhang ZZ, Huang J, Yin YL (2010) Digestion rate of dietary starch affects systemic circulation of amino acids in weaned pigs. British J Nutrition 103:1404–1412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yousef M, Pichyangkura R, Soodvilai S et al (2012) Chitosan oligosaccharide as potential therapy of inflammatory bowel disease: therapeutic efficacy and possible mechanisms of action. Pharmacol Res 66:66–79

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou XL, Yin YL, Ruan Z (2011) Fermentation characteristics of soybean oligosaccharides in vitro. Food Sci 32:98–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou XL, Kong XF, Yang XJ, Yin YL (2012) Soybean oligosaccharides alter colon short-chain fatty acid production and microbial population in vitro. J Anim Sci 90:37–39

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31001014), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (200902537). This research was supported by Intestinal Barrier Foundation of Li Jieshou Academician of CAS (LJS_201006), the research program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University (No. SKLF-QN-201110), Chinese Academy of Science Project for XinJiang and Henan CXJQ20113; National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31110103909,30901040, 30928018, and 31101729); and Texas A&M AgriLife Research Hatch Project (H-8200).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Rm 325, 235 Nanjing Street, Nanchang, 330047, China

    Zheng Ruan, Yinfei Lv, Zeyuan Deng, Wenqun Liu, Yu Yingli, Xin Wu & Yulong Yin

  2. Analytic Center for Hubei Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Wuhan, 430031, China

    Xiaofang Fu

  3. Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China

    Qinghua He

  4. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China

    Xiaosong Wu

  5. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China

    Guoyao Wu

  6. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA

    Guoyao Wu

  7. Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China

    Xin Wu & Yulong Yin

Authors
  1. Zheng Ruan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yinfei Lv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaofang Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qinghua He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zeyuan Deng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Wenqun Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yu Yingli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xiaosong Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Guoyao Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Xin Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Yulong Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xiaosong Wu or Yulong Yin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ruan, Z., Lv, Y., Fu, X. et al. Metabolomic analysis of amino acid metabolism in colitic rats supplemented with lactosucrose. Amino Acids 45, 877–887 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-013-1535-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-013-1535-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation