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C-terminal amidation of PMAP-23: translocation to the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

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Abstract

PMAP-23 is a member of the cathelicidin family derived from pig myeloid cells and has potent antimicrobial activity. Amidation of the carboxyl terminus (C-terminus) of an antimicrobial peptide generally enhances its structural stability and antimicrobial activity or decreases its cytotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of amidation on the mode of action in PMAP-23. Irrespective of amidation, PMAP-23 adopts a helix–hinge–helix structure in a membrane-mimetic environment. The antibacterial activities of PMAP-23C, which had a free C-terminus, and PMAP-23N, which had an amidated C-terminus, were similar against Gram-negative bacteria, reflecting a similar ability to neutralize lipopolysaccharide. However, PMAP-23N assumed a perpendicular orientation across the outer to the inner leaflet of the bacterial inner membrane, while PMAP-23C was orientated parallel to the lipid bilayer, as determined by following the blue shift in tryptophan fluorescence, as well as calcein release from liposomes and SYTOX Green uptake assays. These results suggest that N-terminal amidation of PMAP-23 provides structural stability and increases the peptide’s cationic charge, facilitating translocation into the bacterial inner membrane.

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Abbreviations

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

PE:

L-α-phosphatidylethanolamine

PG:

L-α-phosphatidyl-dl-glycerol

CL:

Cardiolipin

DiSC3-5:

3,3′-Diethylthio-dicarbocyanine iodide

CFU:

Colony-forming unit

AMP:

Antimicrobial peptide

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole

TFE:

Trifluoroethanol

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

LB:

Luria–Bertani

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Pioneer Research Program for Converging Technology of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Republic of Korea (Grant No. 20100002201) and research funds from Chosun University in 2008.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju, Korea

    Jin-Young Kim, Seong-Cheol Park, Kyung-Soo Hahm & Yoonkyung Park

  2. Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea

    Moon-Young Yoon

  3. Department of Cellular-Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Kwangju, Korea

    Kyung-Soo Hahm

  4. Biotechnology and BK21 Research Team for Protein Activity Control, Chosun University, Kwangju, Korea

    Yoonkyung Park

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  1. Jin-Young Kim
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  2. Seong-Cheol Park
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Correspondence to Kyung-Soo Hahm or Yoonkyung Park.

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J.-Y. Kim and S.-C. Park contributed equally to this work.

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Kim, JY., Park, SC., Yoon, MY. et al. C-terminal amidation of PMAP-23: translocation to the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Amino Acids 40, 183–195 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0632-1

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