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Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of the site specificity of modification of β-casein by glucose and methylglyoxal

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Abstract

Modification of protein by carbonyl compounds under in vitro physiological conditions is site-directed. There are few reports of the site specificity of glycation of proteins using heating conditions of relevance to food processing. The aim of this study was to determine the site specificity of modification of β-casein (βCN) by glucose and methylglyoxal (MGO). βCN (1.33 M, 3.2%) was heated with either glucose (1.345 M, 4.6%) or MGO (1 mM) at 95°C for up to 4 h. Tryptic digests were prepared and analysed by ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (UPLC-ES/MS). The sites of formation of the Amadori product, N ε-(fructosyl)lysine (FL), and the advanced glycation end-products, N ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), MGO-derived dihydroxyimidazolidine (MG-DH) and MGO-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-HI), were located. FL and CML were detected at K107 and K176 residues in βCN/glucose incubations. Indigenous N ε-(lactulosyl)lysine was detected at K107 only. MG-DH and MG-HI were detected at R202 and possibly R183 residues in both βCN/glucose and βCN/MGO incubations. Glycation of βCN by glucose and MGO resulted in similar site specificity for MG-DH and MG-HI formation.

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Abbreviations

AGEs:

Advanced glycation endproducts

ALEs:

Advanced lipoxidation endproducts

ARP:

Amadori rearrangement product

CML:

N ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine

FL:

Fructoselysine

MR:

Maillard reaction

NFPA:

Nonafluoropentanoic acid

UPLC-MS:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

TFA:

Trifluoroacetic acid

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a studentship from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD), Northern Ireland, and Queen’s University Belfast. Davinia Mills (University of Reading) is thanked for her assistance and helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Nutrition and Health Group, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK

    Maria Lima, Catherine Moloney & Jennifer M. Ames

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  1. Maria Lima
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  2. Catherine Moloney
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  3. Jennifer M. Ames
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Correspondence to Jennifer M. Ames.

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Lima, M., Moloney, C. & Ames, J.M. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of the site specificity of modification of β-casein by glucose and methylglyoxal. Amino Acids 36, 475–481 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0105-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0105-y

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